Mosque of Almalik al-Jukandar

Last updated

The Mosque of Almalik al-Jukandar is located near the Mashad of Husayn and Al-Azhar Mosque in the historic area of Cairo. Founded during the Bahri Mamluk period during the third reign of Al-Nasir Muhammad, it is less documented by modern researchers and historians.

Contents

Founder

Almalik al-Jukandar was a powerful and wealth Mamluk amir during the third reign of Al-Nasir Muhammad, and later Qalawunid sultans. He would die while imprisoned in Alexandria in 747 A.H. (1346 C.E.) during the reign of al-Kamil Sha'ban. [1]

The Institution

According to al-Maqrizi, Almalik al-Jukandar founded it in 758 A.H. (1357 C.E.) as a madrasa that taught the Shafiʽi school of law. It was provided for by several endowments (awqaf). The complex also included a library. [2]

Inscription

On the main entrance of the building there is an inscription, although in poor condition, that flanks both sides of the portal. It reads:

Basmala, has constructed this mosque (the humble servant ever in need of) God Most High Almalik al-Jukandar, (officer of) al-Nasir (Muhammad), seeking the pardon of God Most High and His forgiveness. Dated the year 719 of the hijra of the Prophet (1319–20), salvation be upon him. [3]

As the inscription makes clear, the founder of the institution is Almalik al-Jukandar during the third reign of al-Nasir (Muhammad).

See also

Related Research Articles

Al-Maqrīzī was a medieval Egyptian historian and biographer during the Mamluk era, known for his interest in the Fatimid era, and the earlier periods of Egyptian history. He is recognized as the most influential historian of premodern Egypt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahri Mamluks</span> Egyptian dynasty (1250–1382)

The Bahri Mamluks, sometimes referred to as the Bahri dynasty, were the rulers of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from 1250 to 1382, following the Ayyubid dynasty. The members of the Mamluk ruling class were purchased as slaves (mamluks) and manumitted, with the most powerful among them taking the role of sultan in Cairo. While several Bahri Mamluk sultans tried to establish hereditary dynasties through their sons, these attempts were ultimately unsuccessful, with the role of sultan often passing on to another powerful Mamluk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qutuz</span> Sultan of Egypt from 1259 to 1260

Saif ad-Din Qutuz, also romanized as Kutuz or Kotuz and fully al-Malik al-Muẓaffar Sayf ad-Dīn Quṭuz, was a Turkic military leader and Mamluk Sultan of Egypt. He reigned as Sultan for less than a year, from 1259 until his assassination in 1260, but served as the de facto ruler for two decades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Ashraf Khalil</span> Sultan of Egypt and Syria (r. 1290–1293)

Al-Ashraf Salāh ad-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn was the eighth Turkic Bahri Mamluk sultan, succeeding his father Qalawun. He served from 12 November 1290 until his assassination in December 1293. He was well known for conquering the last of the Crusader states in Palestine after the siege of Acre in 1291. While walking with a friend, Khalil was attacked and assassinated by Baydara and his followers, who was then killed under the orders of Kitbugha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Nasir Muhammad</span> Sultan of Egypt

Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun, commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad, or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali or as Ibn Qalawun (1285–1341) was the ninth Mamluk sultan of the Bahri dynasty who ruled Egypt between 1293–1294, 1299–1309, and 1310 until his death in 1341. During his first reign he was dominated by Kitbugha and al-Shuja‘i, while during his second reign he was dominated by Baibars and Salar. Not wanting to be dominated or deprived of his full rights as a sultan by his third reign, an-Nasir executed Baibars and accepted the resignation of Salar as vice Sultan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan</span> Mosque in Cairo, Egypt

The Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan is a monumental mosque and madrasa located in Salah al-Din Square in the historic district of Cairo, Egypt. It was built between 1356 and 1363 during the Bahri Mamluk period, commissioned by Sultan an-Nasir Hasan. The mosque was considered remarkable for its massive size and innovative architectural components, and is still considered one of the most impressive historic monuments in Cairo today.

Abū Muḥammad Maḥmūd ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsā Badr al-Dīn al-ʿAynī, often quoted simply as al-'Ayni was a Sunni Islamic scholar of the Hanafi madh'hab and the Shadhili tariqa. Al-'Ayni is an abbreviation for al-'Ayntābi, referring to his native city. He was an eminent scholar regarded as one of the most influential Hanafi jurist and hadith scholar of his time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Adil Kitbugha</span> Sultan of Egypt and Syria (r. 1294–1296)

Kitbugha, royal name: al-Malik al-Adil Zayn-ad-Din Kitbugha Ben Abd-Allah al-Mansuri al-Turki al-Mughli; Arabic: الملك العادل زين الدين كتبغا بن عبد الله المنصورى التركى المغلى) was the 10th Mamluk sultan of Egypt from December 1294 to November 1296.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrasa of Sarghatmish</span> Building in Cairo, Egypt

The cruciform Madrasah of the Amir Sarghatmish, built in 1356, lies to the northeast of the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, in Islamic Cairo. The building's school, mosque, and mausoleum can be seen from Ibn Tulun's spiral minaret, while its entrance is on Saliba Street. This structure includes a madrasa, mosque, and mausoleum. The madrasa is also referred to as the Mosque of Amir al-Sayf Sarghatmish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mosque of Amir al-Maridani</span> Mosque in Cairo, Egypt

The Mosque of Amir Altinbugha al-Maridani, dating from 1340 CE, is a mosque from the era of the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo, Egypt. Located south of Bab Zuweila, in the Darb al-Ahmar neighbourhood, it was built on what was then the outskirts of medieval Cairo by Amir Altinbugha al-Maridani, with significant help from Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad. The mosque has a hypostyle plan similar to the Mosque of al-Nasir, and its exterior walls are decorated in typical Mamluk architecture style. At the time of its building, it was one of the most extravagantly decorated mosques in Cairo, marked by the first fully octagonal minaret and large dome, as well as other architectural innovations. Its history and luxuriousness are directly correlated to the life and prominence of al-Maridani, as it was built with the patronage of his father-in-law, the sultan, and significant donations from al-Maridani's own fortune.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu</span> Mosque and Islamic complex in Cairo, Egypt

The Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu is an Islamic complex in Cairo built by the Grand Emir Sayf al-Din Shaykhu al-Nasiri. The mosque was built in 1349, while the khanqah was built in 1355. Shaykhu was the Grand Emir under the rule of Sultan an-Nasir Hasan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrasa of al-Nasir Muhammad</span> Medieval school and mausoleum in Cairo, Egypt

The Madrasa of al-Nasir Muhammad is a madrasa and mausoleum located in the Bayn al-Qasrayn area of al-Muizz street in Cairo, Egypt. It was built in the name of the Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, but its construction began between 1294 and 1295 under the reign of Sultan al-Adil Kitbugha, who was sultan in between al-Nasir Muhammad's first and seconds reigns. When al-Nasir Muhammad returned to the throne in 1299 he oversaw its construction until its completion in 1303. It is adjacent to the earlier hospital and funerary complex of Sultan Qalawun and the later Madrasa of Sultan Barquq.

Sanjar ibn Abdullah Alam al-Din Abu Sa'id al-Jawli was a powerful Mamluk emir and the Governor of Gaza and much of Palestine between 1311–20 during the sultanate of an-Nasir Muhammad and then again for a brief time in 1342 during the reign of the latter's son as-Salih Ismail. Prior to his first term as governor, al-Jawli briefly served as the Emir of Shawbak in Transjordan and before his second term as Gaza's governor, he was appointed Governor of Hama for three months.

Al-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun, better known as al-Nasir Hasan, was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, and the seventh son of al-Nasir Muhammad to hold office, reigning twice in 1347–1351 and 1354–1361. During his first reign, which he began at age 12, senior Mamluk emirs formerly belonging to al-Nasir Muhammad, dominated his administration, while al-Nasir Hasan played a ceremonial role. He was toppled in 1351 when he attempted to assert executive authority to the chagrin of the senior emirs. He was reinstated three years later during a coup against his brother Sultan al-Salih Salih by emirs Shaykhu and Sirghitmish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban</span>

The Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban is a Mamluk-era complex located in the Al-Darb al-Ahmar area of Islamic Cairo in Egypt. It was founded or built in 1368-69 CE on the order of Sultan al-Ashraf Sha'ban in honour of his mother, Khawand Baraka. It is located outside Bab Zuweila along al-Tabbana street, and is adjoined to the north by the Bayt al-Razzaz palace. The complex is made up of a college (madrasa), mausoleum, water trough (hawd), and a primary school (maktab).

Uljay al-Yusufi, also known as Iljay, was a senior Mamluk amir in the late eighth century AH/fourteenth century CE. It was during the reign of Bahri Sultan al-Ashraf Sha'ban that he briefly held the highest military office of commander in chief of the army and was administrator of the Complex of al-Mansur Qalawun which included the famous hospital (bimaristan).

Sayf al-Dīn Salār al-Manṣūrī was the viceroy of the Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad during the latter's second reign (1299–1310). As a boy he was taken captive at the Battle of Elbistan in 1277 and became a mamluk of the emir al-Salih Ali and eleven years later by the latter's father Sultan Qalawun. Salar distinguished himself in his training as a skilled horseman among other mamluks of the Mansuriyya faction. He was promoted to the rank of ustadar (majordomo) by his friend, Sultan Lajin in 1299. After participating in Lajin's assassination later that year he effectively became the strongman of the sultanate alongside Baybars al-Jashankir. Despite tensions and incidents between their respective factions, Salar and Baybars avoided direct conflict throughout their power-sharing arrangement. Salar continued as viceroy when Baybars acceded as sultan in 1309 after al-Nasir Muhammad stepped down and exiled himself. After Baybars was deposed in 1310, al-Nasir Muhammad returned to power and Salar was consequently imprisoned and starved to death. His sons and grandsons became middle-ranking emirs of al-Nasir Muhammad and his successors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mosque and Mausoleum of Amir Ahmad al-Mihmandar</span> Mosque in Cairo, Egypt

The Mosque and Mausoleum of Amir Ahmad al-Mihmandar which is also referred to as the al-Mihmandariyya college (madrasa) was founded during the third reign of al-Nasir Muhammad in the area of Darb al-Ahmar in Cairo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrasa of Uljay al-Yusufi</span>

The Madrasa of Uljay al-Yusufi was built in the area between Bab Zuwayla and the Cairo Citadel during the reign of the Mamluk sultan Al-Ashraf Sha'ban.

The madrasa of Tatar al-Hijaziya is located in the old Fatimid capital of al-Qahira, which became part of modern Cairo. Built during the second reign of al-Nasir Hasan, it also contained her mausoleum (qubba).

References

  1. Ibn Taghrībirdī, Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf (1984–1993). al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī wa-al-Mustawfá baʿda al-Wāfī. Cairo: al-Hayʾah al-Miṣrīyah al-ʿĀmmah lil-Kitāb. pp. 4:571.
  2. al-Maqrīzī, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī (2003). al-Mawāʿiẓ wa-al-Iʿtibār fī Dhikr al-Khiṭaṭ wa-al-Āthār. London: Muʼassasat al-Furqān lil-Turāth al-Islāmī. pp. 3:85–88.
  3. O'Kane, Bernard. "Insc. Number 24.1". The Monumental Inscriptions of Historic Cairo. CULTNAT . Retrieved 4 May 2021.