Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals (phenocrysts). It is typically dark in color, and basaltic or andesitic in composition. Scoria is relatively low in density as a result of its numerous macroscopic ellipsoidal vesicles, but in contrast to pumice, all scoria has a specific gravity greater than 1, and sinks in water. The holes or vesicles form when gases that were dissolved in the magma come out of solution as it erupts, creating bubbles in the molten rock, some of which are frozen in place as the rock cools and solidifies. Scoria may form as part of a lava flow, typically near its surface, or as fragmental ejecta, for instance in Strombolian eruptions that form steep-sided scoria cones. Chemical analysis of scoria found in Yemen showed that it was mainly composed of volcanic glass with a few zeolites. Most scoria is composed of glassy fragments and may contain phenocrysts. The word scoria comes from the Greek σκωρία, skōria, rust. A colloquial term for scoria is cinder.
Beveridge is a town in Victoria, Australia, located along the Hume Highway, 42 kilometres north of Melbourne. It is governed by the Mitchell Shire. At the 2016 Census, Beveridge had a population of 2,330.
Derrinallum is a town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Hamilton Highway, in the Corangamite Shire. The town is the centre for the surrounding farming community and lies at the foot of Mount Elephant. Mount Elephant is a 380 m-high conical breached scoria cone formed by an extinct volcano.
The Pinnacles are a series of seven volcanic cinder cones on the Atherton Tableland, near Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia. They were formed more than 350 000 years ago.
Mount Quincan is a volcanic mountain near Yungaburra on the Atherton Tableland in Far North Queensland, Australia.
Mount Napier in Victoria, Australia, is one of the youngest volcanoes in Australia. It erupted about 32,000 years ago. It was named by Major Thomas Mitchell after the three Napier brothers, who he had served alongside during the Peninsular War. Mitchell named it in August 1836, during his third expedition across south-eastern Australia. The local Aboriginal name for the mount is Tapoc. Mount Napier State Park is located 270 kilometres west of Melbourne and 17 km south of Hamilton.
Wind power is one of the main renewable energy sources in Australia and contributed 10% of electricity supplied in 2020, with 37.5% of total renewable energy supply. Australia has excellent conditions for harvesting wind power with abundant wind resources located close to population centres in the southern parts of the country and on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range in the east.
Mount Elephant is a 380-metre-high (1,250 ft) conical breached scoria cone formed by a dormant volcano, located 1 km from the town of Derrinallum in southwestern Victoria, Australia. It is a prominent landmark that forms the eastern gateway to the Kanawinka Geopark from the Hamilton Highway at Derrinallum.
Mount Noorat is a dormant volcano, situated on Glenormiston Road north of the township of Noorat, and approximately six kilometres north of Terang, Victoria, Australia. The last eruption is estimated to have occurred between 5,000 and 20,000 years ago.
WestWind Energy is an Australian company involved in development and operation of wind farms. Its origins were in Germany in the renewable energy sector. It is part of the WestWind Group of companies which has its headquarters in Kirchdorf, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Hurupaki Mountain is in Kamo, Whangarei, New Zealand. The centre of Hurupaki Mountain lies between Three Mile Bush Road and Dip Road, approximately 1.5 kilometres west of Kamo township. Hurupaki Mountain is visible from State Highway 1.
The Mount Mercer Wind Farm is located at Mount Mercer approximately 30 kilometres south of Ballarat in Western Victoria on 2600ha. The wind farm consists of 64 REpower MM92 wind turbines, giving a total installed capacity of 131 MW. It is expected to generate approximately 395,000 megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity each year which could power approximately 74,000 households and result in a reduction of some 510,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
Mount Leura is a 313-metre scoria cone surrounding a dry crater 100 m deep and is the central and most obvious component of a larger volcanic complex southeast of the town of Camperdown located in western Victoria, Australia, 194 kilometres (121 mi) south west of the state capital, Melbourne. The inactive volcano is thought to have last erupted between 5,000 and 20,000 years ago. The name means "big nose" in local aboriginal dialect.
Mount Porndon is a 278-metre-high (912 ft) volcano located 13 kilometres southeast of Camperdown in western Victoria, Australia.
Mount Warrnambool is a single large scoria cone volcano that is 216 metres (709 ft) high. It is 16 kilometres (10 mi) southwest of Terang, Victoria, Australia. It is visible from the Princes Highway on the way to Warrnambool.
Mount Warrenheip is an inactive scoria volcanic cone in Victoria, Australia. The mountain has an elevation of 746 metres (2,448 ft) AHD. A landmark of Dunnstown, the closest town, the mountain is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east of the Ballarat central business district, in the locality of Warrenheip.
Ombersley is a rural locality in Victoria, Australia. Most of the locality is in Colac Otway Shire, with a portion being in adjacent Surf Coast Shire. In the 2016 census, Ombersley had a population of 97.
Mount Fraser is a volcanic cone near Beveridge, Victoria, Australia. It is the largest scoria cone near Melbourne. The extinct volcano last erupted about one million years ago. It is about 120 metres in height above the surrounding land. The distance around the base of the volcano is 1200 metres. There are two craters. One crater is wide and shallow, and the other is small and closed. It is listed on the Australian Heritage database.
Ararat Wind Farm is a wind farm in western Victoria, Australia. It is located approximately 180km northwest of Melbourne. It was officially opened on 27 June 2017 and was the third-largest wind farm in Australia at that time, with capacity to generate 240MW from 75 turbines.
