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Santali, also known as Santal or Santhali, is the most widely-spoken language of the Munda subfamily of the Austroasiatic languages, related to Ho and Mundari, spoken mainly in the Indian states of Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Odisha, Tripura and West Bengal by Santals. It is a recognised regional language of India per the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. It is spoken by around 7.6 million people in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal, making it the third most-spoken Austroasiatic language after Vietnamese and Khmer.
Santhal Pargana division constitutes six district administration units known as the divisions of Jharkhand state in eastern India.
The Santal are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austro-asiatic language family.
Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu were the leaders of the Santhal rebellion (1855–1856), the rebellion in present-day Jharkhand and Bengal in eastern India against both the British colonial authority and the corrupt zamindari system.
Dumka, the headquarters of the Dumka district and Santhal Pargana region, is a city in the state of Jharkhand, India. It was made the headquarters of the Santhal Pargana region, which was carved out of the Bhagalpur and Birbhum district after the Santal Hool of 1855. Dumka was carved out of the southern part of Bihar along with 18 other Districts on 15 November 2000 to form Jharkhand as 28th State of India. Dumka is a peaceful and green city and also sub-capital of Jharkhand. The nearest important cities are Rampurhat and Deoghar.
Rajmahal is a subdivisional town and a notified area in Rajmahal subdivision of the Sahebganj district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is situated at the banks of Ganges and was former capital of Bengal Subah under Mughal governor, Man Singh I.
The Santhal rebellion, was a rebellion in present-day Jharkhand and West Bengal against the East India Company (EIC) and zamindari system by the Santhals. It started on June 30, 1855, and on November 10, 1855, martial law was proclaimed by the East India Company which lasted until January 3, 1856, when martial law was suspended and the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the presidency armies. The rebellion was led by the four sibling brothers - Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand, and Bhairav.
Raghunath Murmu was an Indian Santali writer and educator. He developed the Ol Chiki script for Santali language. Until the nineteenth century, Santali people had no written language and knowledge was transmitted orally from one generation to other. Later European researchers and Christian missionaries started to use Bengali, Odia, and Roman scripts to document the Santali language. However, Santalis did not have their own script. His development of the Ol Chiki script enriched the cultural identity of the Santali society. He wrote many songs, plays and school text books in the Ol Chiki script.
Sido Kanhu Murmu University (SKMU), formerly Siddhu Kanhu University, is a public university situated in the Santhal Parganas region of Jharkhand state in eastern India. It has its headquarters at Dumka, the second capital of Jharkhand. The university offers both undergraduate and postgraduate courses in various streams and have 13 constituent colleges and 15 affiliated colleges across six districts of Jharkhand.
Pandit Raghunath Murmu Smriti Mahavidyalaya, established in 1986, is the general degree college in Baragari PO Jambani, Bankura district. It offers undergraduate and Postgraduate courses in arts and sciences. It is affiliated to Bankura University.
Barharwa is a town with a Nagar panchayat in the Rajmahal subdivision of the Sahibganj district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Bhognadih is a village in the Barhait CD block in the Sahibganj subdivision of the Sahibganj district of the Jharkhand State, India. Bhognadih has a place in history, as the main centre of the Santhal rebellion.
Baragari is a village in PO Jambani and the Raipur CD block in the Khatra subdivision of the Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India
Sidhu Kanhu Indoor Stadium is an indoor stadium in Durgapur, West Bengal, India. It was built by Durgapur Municipal Corporation, and has hosted matches of badminton, table tennis, and other sports. Various district and state level matches are often conducted here. It is also a favorable venue for national level games. Regular badminton coaching sessions are also held here. Table tennis is a very popular game in Durgapur; both boys and girls players of Durgapur have excelled in this game. Many players from Durgapur have represented the state. It is played and practiced in the Sidhu-Kanhu indoor stadium and many state level tournament has been played here.
Dumka Sadar subdivision is the only administrative subdivision of the Dumka district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.
Dhamri is a village in Meharama CD block in Godda subdivision of Godda district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Parsa is a village in Mahagama CD block in Godda subdivision of Godda district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Basantrai is a village in the Basantrai CD block in the Godda subdivision of the Godda district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Santali literature refers to the literary works written in the Santali language, primarily spoken by the Santal people of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is written in the indigenous script called Ol Chiki script. Santali literature is composed in two broad styles- ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱱᱤ (Kạthni-prose), ᱜᱟᱹᱛᱷᱱᱤ (Gạthni-poetry).In terms of historical development, it is broadly classified into two prominent forms (genres) based on historical passes. They are:
References
- ↑ Dash, Malini; Choudhury, R.K. (October 2005). "Breast Feeding Practices Among Santals and Non- Santals of Orissa". The Anthropologist. 7 (4): 283–287. doi:10.1080/09720073.2005.11890922. ISSN 0972-0073. S2CID 70961427.
- ↑ List of Padma Shri award recipients (1980–1989)
- ↑ Padma Awards, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India
- ↑ About Jhajha Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Constituency
- ↑ The unsung Heroines of India’s Freedom movement- Phulo Murmu and Jhano Murmu
- ↑ The unsung Heroines of India’s Freedom movement- Phulo Murmu and Jhano Murmu
- ↑ हंसडीहा में आज राज्यपाल द्रौपदी मुर्मू करेंगी डेयरी टेक्नोलॉजी कॉलेज का उद्घाटन
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