The sand goby, also known as a polewig or pollybait, is a species of ray-finned fish native to marine and brackish European waters from the Baltic Sea through the Mediterranean Sea and into the Black Sea where it occurs in sandy or muddy areas of inshore waters at depths of from 4 to 200 metres. This species can reach a length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) TL. This species is sometimes kept in public aquariums. The sand goby is of a sandy colour, with darker markings on the sides and a creamy-white underside. In the breeding season the male fish has blue spot at the rear of the first dorsal fin, ringed with white. The fish has a slender body, and the head is about a quarter of the total length.
Croilia mossambica, the burrowing goby or naked goby, is a species of goby native fresh, brackish and marine waters of Mozambique, South Africa and Madagascar. This species can be found on fine-grained sandy substrates in still waters at depths of from 1 to 16 metres. It can reach a length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) TL. It is currently the only known member of its genus.
Ponticola kessleri, the bighead goby or Kessler's goby, is a species of goby native to Eurasia. The bighead goby is a Ponto-Caspian relict species. It inhabits the fresh and oligohaline waters, with mineralisation from 0-0.5‰ up to 1.5-3.0‰.
The Syrman goby is a species of goby native to marine, brackish and probably fresh waters of the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea basins. They inhabit inshore waters with substrates composed of shell fragments, sand, mud or muddy sand. This species can reach a length of 24.5 centimetres (9.6 in) TL.
Favonigobius reichei, the Indopacific Tropical Sand Goby, is a species of goby native to fresh, brackish and marine waters of coastal areas of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean preferring muddy or sandy substrates, often with weed growth. This species can reach a length of 8.3 centimetres (3.3 in) TL.
Redigobius bikolanus, the speckled goby or bigmouth goby, is a species of goby native to marine, fresh and brackish waters along the coasts of Asia from Japan to Australia out to the Pacific islands of New Caledonia and Vanuatu and along the coast of South Africa and the Seychelles. This species inhabits streams, creeks and estuaries, often being found upstream beyond the tidal zones of rivers. This fish can reach a length of 4.2 centimetres (1.7 in) SL.
Glossogobius giuris, the tank goby, is a species of goby native to fresh, marine and brackish waters from the Red Sea and East Africa through South Asia and the Indian Ocean to China, Australia and the islands of the Pacific Ocean. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade. It is also known as the bar-eyed goby, flat-headed goby and the Gangetic tank goby.
Ponticola is a genus of gobies native mostly to fresh waters of the Black Sea - Caspian Sea region in Eurasia. Some species occur in the brackish-water Black and Caspian seas themselves. It was considered to be part of the broader goby subfamily Benthophilinae, also endemic to the same region, although the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not list any subfamilies in the Gobiidae. Originally, Ponticola was described as subgenus of Neogobius.
Pinchuk's goby is a species of goby native to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
The flatsnout goby is a species of goby endemic to the Black Sea where it is mostly known from inshore waters amongst rocks and boulders. It is occasionally found offshore over areas with gravel substrates. This species can reach a length of 22.5 centimetres (8.9 in) TL.
The ratan goby is a species of goby native to brackish and marine waters of the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea. In the Caspian Sea it is presented by subspecies Ponticola ratan goebeli. It occurs in inshore waters, inhabiting areas with stone or gravel substrates. This species can reach a length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) TL.
The Caucasian goby is a species of goby native to rivers of the Caucasus draining to the Black Sea in Europe and Asia. This species is strictly a fresh water species and will not enter brackish water. It can reach a length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) SL.
Ponticola cyrius, the Kura goby, is a species of gobiid fish endemic to the Kura River in the southern Caucasus countries of Georgia, Turkey, Iran and Azerbaijan. It reaches a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) SL. It lives in the upper parts of the Kura River, Massuleh River and the Pasikhan River and in the Anzali Mordab (Iran). Downstream in Kura it is replaced by Ponticola gorlap.
Ponticola gorlap, or the Caspian bighead goby, is a species of goby, a benthic fish native to the Caspian Sea basin. It is widespread in lower parts of many rivers in Iran, and also found in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. In Russia, it occurred in the lowest part of the Volga up to Astrakhan until 1977, but has thereafter spread upstream. In 2000 it was recorded as being established in the Ivankovo and Rybinsk Reservoirs in the Moscow region, and already invaded the Don drainage by way of the Volga–Don Canal in 1972. This species occurs in sheltered environments, such as inshore fresh or brackish waters of estuaries, lagoons, lakes and large rivers, where it prefers habitats with a well vegetated rock or firmly packed sand substrate. It can reach a length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) SL, and a common size is 12 centimetres (4.7 in) SL.
Turan's goby is a Ponto-Caspian species of goby endemic fish native to Turkey where it is only found in the Aksu Deresi stream. This species is found in a fresh water stream with a substrate of rounded pebbles. Males of this species can reach a length of 8.8 centimetres (3.5 in) SL while females only reach 8.3 centimetres (3.3 in) SL.
The riverine goby is a species of gobiid fish native to rivers in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea basin at the border of Europe and Asia. It is one of the numerous species of benthophiline gobies endemic to the Ponto-Caspian region. It is known to occur in the basins of rivers north of the Bzyb Range and also in the Kuban River basin. This fish can be found in both fresh and brackish waters. It can reach a length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in) TL.
Bucchich's goby is a species of goby native to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and perhaps the Black Sea. It has traditionally been considered to be more widespread, but in 2016 the similar incognito goby was described. It had been confused with the Bucchich's goby and much information formerly published for this species is now considered to actually be for the incognito goby.
The chameleon goby is a species of ray-finned fish native to marine and brackish waters along the coasts of eastern Asia. It has also spread to other parts of the world where it is found in waters with varying degrees of salinity.
Neogobius bathybius is a species of goby endemic to the Caspian Sea, where it occurs in depths down to 200 metres (660 ft). It is strictly confined to the brackish-water basin and does not enter fresh waters. It can grow up to a length of 25 centimetres (9.8 in) TL.
The Jeffrey's goby is a species of goby fish.
