Mycolicibacter

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Mycolicibacter
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Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
Genus: Mycolicibacter
Gupta et al. 2018 [1]
Type species
Mycolicibacter terrae
(Wayne 1966) Gupta et al. 2018
Species [2]
Synonyms
  • Mycobacterium terrae complex (MTeC)

Mycolicibacter is a genus of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales. [1]

Contents

Members of Mycolicibacter were demarcated from the larger genus Mycobacterium in 2018 by Gupta et al. based on evidence from various phylogenetic trees constructed based on conserved genome sequences, comparative genomic analyses and average amino acid identity values. [1] In addition to this genus, the study proposed the division of Mycobacterium into a total of five distinct genera, which was met with some resistance by some of the scientific community. The resistance was based on the grounds that Mycobacterium contains some clinically relevant species and name changes might cause confusion among clinicians and other researchers. [3]

In 2020, Yamada et al. analyzed the fundamental morphological properties of the new genera, including the cell diameter, cell length, cell perimeter, cell circularity and aspect ratio, and determined that there were significant differences between the five genera, thus supporting the new division. [4]

The name Mycolicibacter is derived from the Latin noun acidum mycolicum (translates to mycolic acid) and the Latin noun bacter (translates to rod). Together the name refers to a genus of mycolic acid containing rod-shaped bacteria. [1]

Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures [1]

Members of Mycolicibacter are slow-growing bacterial species (taking more than seven days to form colonies) and nonchromogenic (does not produce pigment). Some species grow at an intermediate rate, taking 5–15 days to form colonies. While most members of Mycolicibacter are non-pathogenic, some species have been isolated from animal hosts and human patients. They have a higher G+C content (ranging between 66.3–70.3 mol%) and relatively short genomes between the range of 3.87–5.11 Mbp.

Analyses of genome sequences from Mycolicibacter identified 26 conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are specific for this genus in the proteins such as non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, nucleoside hydrolase, TetR family transcriptional regulator, carbon starvation protein A, error-prone DNA polymerase, amidohydrolase, carboxymunconolacton decarboxylase family protein, polyketide cyclase, spirocyclase AveC family protein, TobH protein, UDP-N-acetylmuramate–L-alanine ligase, DUF2236 domain-containing protein, cobaltochelatase subunit CobN, alpha/beta hydrolase, potassium transporter Kef, a membrane protein, DUF222 domain-containing protein, MFS transporter, adenylate/guanylate cyclase domain-containing protein, DUF2029 domain-containing protein and hypothetical proteins. [1] These CSIs provide a reliable molecular method for identifying and distinguishing members of Mycolicibacter from other genera in the family Mycobacteriaceae. Additionally, 15 unique conserved signature proteins (CSPs) were identified to be specific to most or all members of this genus.

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Mycolicibacter is based on whole-genome analysis. [1] [lower-alpha 1]

Notes

  1. ↑ Mycolicibacter paraterrae and "Mycolicibacter virginiensis" are not included in this phylogenetic tree.

Related Research Articles

<i>Mycobacterium</i> Genus of bacteria

Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer that contains high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mycobacteriaceae</span> Family of bacteria

Mycobacteriaceae is a family of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota. Its name is derived from the Mycobacterium genus, which includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bifidobacteriaceae</span> Family of bacteria

The Bifidobacteriaceae are the only family of bacteria in the order Bifidobacteriales. According to the 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 published by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project, the order Bifidobacteriales is a clade nested within the suborder Micrococcineae, also the genus Bifidobacterium is paraphyletic to the other genera within the family, i.e. the other genera are nested within Bifidobacterium.

The Caryophanaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria. In 2020, the now defunct family Planococcaceae was merged into Caryophanaceae to rectify a nomenclature anomaly. The type genus of this family is Caryophanon.

<i>Mycolicibacter arupensis</i> Species of bacterium

Mycolicibacter arupensis is a slowly growing mycobacterium first isolated from soil and human sputum samples in Spain. Etymology: arupense, pertaining to the ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, where the type strain was characterized.

Mycolicibacter hiberniae is a species of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota.

Mycolicibacter kumamotonensis is a species of bacteria.
Etymology: kumamotonensis, pertaining to Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan, where the type strain was isolated.

Mycolicibacter nonchromogenicus is an infectious species of bacteria.

Sporosarcina is a genus of bacteria.

Ureibacillus is a genus of gram-negative bacteria within the largely gram-positive Bacillota. Ureibacilli are motile and form spherical endospores. The type species of the genus is Ureibacillus thermosphaericus.

Solibacillus is a genus of Gram positive, rod shaped, spore-forming bacteria.

Mycolicibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Metasolibacillus is a genus of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Metasolibacillus meyeri.

Metalysinibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Metalysinibacillus jejuensis.

Metaplanococcus is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable, cocci or short rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Metaplanococcus flavidus.

Planococcus is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-variable, cocci or short rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Planococcus citreus.

Mycolicibacillus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Mycobacteroides is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae from the order Mycobacteriales.

Mycolicibacillus koreensis is a slow-growing, non-chromogenic species of Mycolicibacillus originally isolated from the sputum of a human patient. It grows at temperatures from 25 to 37 °C and is susceptible to quinolones. The genome of M. koreensis contains a tRNA array that contains a long non-coding RNA called GOLDD.

Mycobacteroides saopaulense is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota belonging to the genus Mycobacteroides that was first isolated from a human patient undergoing LASIK surgery. It has also been isolated from turtles and cows. A strain isolated from mangroves has been demonstrated to produce clavulanic acid and streptomycin. The genome of M. saopaulense contains a tRNA array that contains a long non-coding RNA called GOLDD. M. saopaulense is susceptible to amikacin, kanamycin, and clarithromycin.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gupta, Radhey S.; Lo, Brian; Son, Jeen (2018-02-13). "Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus Mycobacterium into an Emended Genus Mycobacterium and Four Novel Genera". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 67. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   5819568 . PMID   29497402.
  2. ↑ Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Mycolicibacter". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  3. ↑ Tortoli, Enrico; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Chalmers, James D.; Cirillo, Daniela M.; Daley, Charles L.; Emler, Stefan; Floto, R. Andres; Garcia, Maria J.; Hoefsloot, Wouter; Koh, Won-Jung; Lange, Christoph (2019-07-01). "Same meat, different gravy: ignore the new names of mycobacteria". European Respiratory Journal. 54 (1). doi: 10.1183/13993003.00795-2019 . ISSN   0903-1936. PMID   31296783. S2CID   195893005.
  4. ↑ Yamada, Hiroyuki; Chikamatsu, Kinuyo; Aono, Akio; Murata, Kazuyoshi; Miyazaki, Naoyuki; Kayama, Yoko; Bhatt, Apoorva; Fujiwara, Nagatoshi; Maeda, Shinji; Mitarai, Satoshi (2020). "Fundamental Cell Morphologies Examined With Cryo-TEM of the Species in the Novel Five Genera Robustly Correlate With New Classification in Family Mycobacteriaceae". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 562395. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562395 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   7701246 . PMID   33304323.
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