Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust

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Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust
Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust.jpg
ArtistLoura Jane Herndon Baxendale
Completion date1978
MediumBronze
Dimensions(44 inches )
Weight3,000 pounds [1] [ better source needed ]
Location Tennessee State Capitol (1978–2021)
Tennessee State Museum, Nashville, Tennessee,
United States
Coordinates 36°10′17″N86°47′27″W / 36.171500°N 86.790720°W / 36.171500; -86.790720

The Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust is a bust of Confederate States of America Lt. General and first-era Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard Nathan Bedford Forrest that was prominently displayed in the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville. On July 23, 2021, the bust was removed, and was relocated to the Tennessee State Museum in a new exhibit that opened four days later. [2]

Contents

History

Kenneth P'pool, who chaired the Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust Committee of the Sons of Confederate Veterans in 1973 (P'pool reportedly also earlier supported the candidacy of George Wallace for president in 1968), the late Tennessee state Senator and Sons of Confederate Veterans Joseph E. Johnston Camp 28 member Douglas Henry (D-Nashville), and the late Civil War expert and collector Lanier Merrit are attributed with heading up the project to install a bust representing Nathan Bedford Forrest inside the Tennessee General Assembly building. [3] Henry first proposed Joint Resolution 54 (1973) in the Tennessee Senate calling for a bust of Confederate Lt. General Nathan Bedford Forrest to be installed within the state capitol, which passed on April 13, 1973. [4]

Forrest has been considered by many of his advocates to be an iconic Southern hero of the American Civil War because of his reported military exploits, including his saving "Rome (Georgia) from a raid by Union military". [5] However, Forrest is also known for his antebellum career as a slave trader, for commanding the Massacre at Fort Pillow, and for his eventual role as the Grand Wizard of the first era Ku Klux Klan during the Reconstruction era of United States history. [4] [6] [7] [8]

Fundraising for the Nathan Bedford Forrest bust was generated from the sale of 24″ × 30″ reproductions of a Forrest portrait at the Travellers Rest, a historic plantation in the Nashville area. [4] The portrait by Joy Garner had been commissioned in 1973 for Travellers Rest by the Joseph E. Johnston camp of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. [4] The bust was eventually designed by Loura Jane Herndon Baxendale, whose husband Albert Hatcher Baxendale, Jr., was a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. [4]

The Nathan Bedford Forrest bust was cast by the Karkadoulias Bronze Art Foundry in Cincinnati, Ohio, and installed in the Tennessee State Capitol on November 5, 1978. [4] [9]

Protests

On the day of the bust's dedication, numerous African Americans protested at the capitol. [4] More protests were organized by Black Tennesseans for Action in February 1979 after they were unsuccessful in gaining a meeting with Republican Governor Lamar Alexander to discuss the issue. [4] That month, the bust was "damaged after someone struck it in the head with a blunt object". Soon after, two crosses were burned in Nashville, a symbolic intimidation associated with the historic Ku Klux Klan; one of these crosses was burned outside the Tennessee NAACP headquarters. [4] In October 1980, "Tex Moore, grand dragon of the Tennessee chapter of the Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, and others held a news conference in front of the bust." [4]

2015

Democratic Congressman Jim Cooper and state Representative Craig Fitzhugh suggested that the Nathan Bedford Forrest bust should be removed from the Tennessee capitol in the wake of the 2015 Charleston church shooting, a horrific event in which nine African Americans were murdered in their church by a young white supremacist, Dylann Roof. [10] Republican Governor Bill Haslam and Senator Bob Corker also agreed. [4] [10] However, its removal was postponed. [10]

2017

After the violence of the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, Governor Bill Haslam explicitly called for removal of the Nathan Bedford Forrest bust from the Tennessee state capitol building, while U.S. Senator Bob Corker suggested it should be relocated for public display at the Tennessee State Museum. [11] But the Capitol Commission oversees elements of maintaining the complex. Composed of Secretary of State Tre Hargett, State Treasurer David Lillard, and Comptroller Justin P. Wilson, the Commission voted to reject the removal. [11] [12] Governor Haslam said that he was "very disappointed" with this decision. [13]

In December 2017, a legislative bill was proposed to relocate the Nathan Bedford Forrest bust to the nearby Tennessee State Museum, which is one of the largest state museums in the United States and houses one of the largest collections of artifacts from the U.S. Civil War. [14]

2019

In January 2019, members of the State Capitol Commission turned down a request to remove the bust by a 7 to 5 vote. [15]

At the end of January 2019, a group of Tennessee college students arrived at the Tennessee State capitol to request of newly elected Governor Bill Lee that the bust be removed. State troopers did not allow the students to see the governor because they did not have an appointment, but they did manage to meet with a representative from his office. [16] Justin Jones and Jeneisha Harris led sit-in protests and were arrested. [17]

Relocation to the Tennessee State Museum

2020

Tennessee Lt. Governor Randy McNally. Sen. Randy McNally.jpg
Tennessee Lt. Governor Randy McNally.
Tennessee House Speaker Cameron Sexton. Speaker Cameron Sexton at an event in Dickson, TN.jpg
Tennessee House Speaker Cameron Sexton.

On June 9, 2020, the Tennessee General Assembly debated HJR 0686 to remove the bust. [18] Republican opposition to removal led to the motion failing in the House by five votes to eleven.

On July 9, 2020, the Tennessee Capitol Commission voted 9–2 in favor of removing the bust from the Capitol building and relocating it to the Tennessee State Museum. [19] The Tennessee Historical Commission voted 25–1 on March 9, 2021, to move the bust to the museum. Governor Bill Lee (R) said this should be done as soon as possible. [20]

2021

Senator Joey Hensley (R-Hohenwald; also a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans) filed a retaliatory bill, SB0600 on February 9, 2021, that if enacted into state law, would cancel the appointments of all 29 members of the Tennessee Historical Commission and create a revisionary Tennessee Historical Commission of 12 entirely new members with the Governor of Tennessee, the House Speaker, and the Lt. Governor each appointing four commission members. SB0600 was co-sponsored within the Tennessee Senate by Senators Janice Bowling (R-Tullahoma), Frank Niceley (R-Strawberry Plains), and Mark Pody (R-Lebanon). [21]

Representative John Ragan (R-Oak Ridge) filed his House companion bill, HB1227, on February 11, 2021, and initially signed on Reps. Paul Sherrell (R-Sparta), Jay D. Reedy (R-Erin), Rusty Grills (R-Newbern), Jerry Sexton (R-Bean Station), Kent Calfee (R-Kingston), Todd Warner (R-Chapel Hill), and Clay Doggett (R-Pulaski) as prime co-sponsors of the House bill seeking to cancel out and revise the Tennessee Historical Commission membership. [22]

Tennessee House Speaker Cameron Sexton, R-Crossville) and Lt. Gov. Randy McNally (R-Oak Ridge) in a February 26, 2021, letter to Tennessee Attorney General Herbert Slatery queried as to if the Tennessee Capitol Commission had the authority to seek permission from the Tennessee Historical Commission to remove the Nathan Bedford Forrest bust. McNally reportedly has been a vocal defender of the displaying the Forrest bust at the second floor of the Tennessee General Assembly building.

Acting upon the earlier 2020 amended approval issued by the Tennessee Capitol Commission, the Tennessee Historical Commission on March 17, 2021, itself voted 25-1, following a five-hour meeting, to move the Nathan Bedford Forrest bust, along with two other busts for public display at the nearby Tennessee State Museum. [23] [24]

On July 22, 2021, the state Building Commission voted 5–2 to give final approval to relocate the bust to the state museum. [25] The bust was removed the following day. [2] On July 27, 2021, the bust became part of a new exhibit at the Tennessee State Museum. [26]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Nathan Bedford Forrest was a Confederate Army general during the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan from 1867 to 1869. Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealth as a cotton plantation owner, horse and cattle trader, real estate broker, and slave trader. In June 1861, he enlisted in the Confederate Army and became one of the few soldiers during the war to enlist as a private and be promoted to general without any prior military training. An expert cavalry leader, Forrest was given command of a corps and established new doctrines for mobile forces, earning the nickname "The Wizard of the Saddle". He used his cavalry troops as mounted infantry and often deployed artillery as the lead in battle, thus helping to "revolutionize cavalry tactics", although the Confederate high command is seen by some commentators to have underappreciated his talents. While scholars generally acknowledge Forrest's skills and acumen as a cavalry leader and military strategist, he is a controversial figure in U.S. history for his role in the massacre of several hundred U.S. Army soldiers at Fort Pillow, a majority of them black, coupled with his role following the war as a leader of the Klan.

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References

  1. ↑ Jane Osgerby; Lynne McFarland (August 5, 2021). "Prosecutor Glenn Funk should drop all charges against activist Justin Jones". The Tennessean.
  2. 1 2 Allison, Natalie (July 23, 2021). "The bust of Nathan Bedford Forrest is out of the Tennessee Capitol. Here's how it happened". The Tennessean . Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  3. ↑ "On the history of Nathan Bedford Forrest's bust at the TN state capitol". The Tennessee Journal. August 18, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ebert, Joel (August 18, 2017). "Nathan Bedford Forrest bust at the Tennessee Capitol: What you need to know". The Tennessean . Retrieved September 5, 2017.
  5. ↑ McKenney, Frank M., The Standing Army: History of Georgia's County Confederate Monuments, WH Wolfe Associates, Alpharetta, Georgia, 1993, p. 133
  6. ↑ Jilton, Ned. "Black and white served side by side in the Civil War". Kingsport Times-News . Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  7. ↑ Eiland, Sarah (Spring 2018). "The Unspoken Demands of Slavery: The Exploitation of Female Slaves in the Memphis Slave Trade" (PDF). Rhodes Historical Review. 20: 43–62. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  8. ↑ Wall, Austin (Spring 2018). "Direct from Congo: Nathan Bedford Forrest's Involvement in the Illegal African Slave Trade" (PDF). Rhodes Historical Review. 20: 63–81. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  9. ↑ Davis, Louise (October 29, 1978). "Forrest in Bronze Immune to Time". The Tennessean . p. 100. Retrieved July 25, 2020– via Newspapers.com.
  10. 1 2 3 Boucher, Dave (July 17, 2015). "State delays action on Nathan Bedford Forrest bust". The Tennessean . Retrieved September 5, 2017.
  11. 1 2 Buie, Jordan; Ebert, Joel (September 1, 2017). "Nathan Bedford Forrest stays in Tennessee Capitol, panel decides". The Tennessean . Retrieved September 5, 2017– via USA Today.
  12. ↑ "Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust Will Not be Removed from State Capitol". WGNS. September 4, 2017. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
  13. ↑ Buie, Jordan (September 5, 2017). "Gov. Bill Haslam disappointed in Capitol Commission decision on Nathan Bedford Forrest bust". The Tennessean . Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  14. ↑ Allison, Natalie; Boucher, Dave (December 15, 2017). "Bill filed to relocate Nathan Bedford Forrest bust from state capitol to Tennessee State Museum". The Tennessean .
  15. ↑ Mojica, Adrian (September 1, 2017). "Tenn. State Capitol Commission votes down removal of Nathan Bedford Forrest bust". WLOS.
  16. ↑ "Students ask Governor to remove bust from capitol". WTVF. January 31, 2019.
  17. ↑ "2 arrested, protested Confederate bust at Tennessee Capitol". Associated Press. March 2019.
  18. ↑ "HJR 0686". Tennessee General Assembly. June 10, 2020.
  19. ↑ Allison, Natalie (July 9, 2020). "Capitol Commission approves moving Nathan Bedford Forrest bust to Tennessee State Museum". The Tennessean . Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  20. ↑ Falconer, Rebecca (March 9, 2021). "Tennessee to remove monument of KKK leader from state Capitol". Axios. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021– via Yahoo! News.
  21. ↑ "SB 0600". capitol.tn.gov. Tennessee General Assembly. February 9, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021. Historical Commission - As introduced, vacates and reconstitutes the commission. - Amends TCA Title 4.
  22. ↑ "HB 1227". capitol.tn.gov. Tennessee General Assembly. February 11, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021. Historical Commission - As introduced, vacates and reconstitutes the commission. - Amends TCA Title 4.
  23. ↑ Sher, Andy (March 20, 2021). "Tennessee Republican lawmakers press bill to replace Historical Commission members following vote to remove Confederate bust". Chattanooga Times Free Press . Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  24. ↑ Horan, Kyle (March 17, 2021). "Bill would remove all members of the historical commission". Nashville: WTVF-TV. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  25. ↑ Cantrell, Aaron (July 22, 2021). "Commission votes to move Nathan Bedford Forrest bust from Capitol". Nashville: WTVF-TV . Retrieved July 22, 2021.
  26. ↑ Baird, Brittney (July 27, 2021). "Forrest bust on display at Tennessee State Museum". Nashville: WKRN-TV. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
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