| Instituto Geográfico Nacional | |
 Headquarters in Lima | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 13 April 1913 |
| Jurisdiction | Peru |
| Headquarters | Lima |
| Website | www |
The National Geographic Institute is the national mapping agency of Peru. It is a decentralized public organization attached to the Ministry of Defence, [1] in charge of the elaboration of the official maps of the country and to support activities related to its development and defense. [2] [3] Its headquarters are located in Surquillo, Lima. [2]
On February 13, 1901, when the General Staff of the Army (EMGE) was reorganized and a fourth entity dedicated to topography and cartography was included. On March 6, 1906, President José Pardo y Barreda approved the topographic service under the EMGE. [4]
On April 14, 1913, the Army Geographic Service (Spanish : Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, SGE) [4] was created as a dependency of the EMGE and with a supreme decree of May 14, 1913, the geographical map of Peru was prepared, a mission that until then was fulfilled by the Geographic Society of Lima .
With a supreme decree of May 10, 1921, President Augusto B. Leguía entrusted the direction of the SGE to French Colonel Georges Thomas, who established the bases for a "National Charter."
In 1938, a Map of Peru was published jointly with the Geographical Society of Lima, at a scale of 1:1,500,000, which was approved by President Oscar R. Benavides and contained the international borders, as well as the interior demarcation (supreme resolutions of November 12, 1934, and January 8, 1935). In 1944 the name of the SGE was changed to the Military Geographic Institute (Spanish : Instituto Geográfico Militar, IGM). [4]
By Supreme Decree of October 10, 1957, the Military Geographic Institute (IGM) is authorized to carry out aerial photogrammetry work for the survey of the National Chart.
Through Legislative Decree No. 30 of 1980, the IGM was renamed the National Geographic Institute (IGN), [4] [3] directly dependent on the Ministry of War and with the mission of preparing and updating the National Charter and providing cartographic support to the Army and other Institutes of the Armed Forces and the entities that require it for defense and development purposes.
By Law No. 24654 of March 31, 1987 and Legislative Decree No. 434 of September 27, 1987, the IGN was established as a Decentralized Public Organization of the defense sector.
On June 13, 2000, Law 27292 of the IGN was promulgated, [2] including its organization and functions, technical directions; (Geography, GIS, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, Cartography, Reproduction; Cartographic School; Regional Directorates). Among the complementary Transitional and Final Provisions, there appears, as in previous legal regulations, the “Obligation of public and private entities to provide information of a geographic cartographic nature, to keep the Cartographic Database updated.” [4]
Luis Fernando Figari Rodrigo is a Peruvian Catholic layman, the founder and former superior general of Sodalitium Christianae Vitae. He also founded the Christian Life Movement and several other religious associations.
List of Commanders-in-Chief of the Peruvian Army since the creation of that post on March 12, 1953.
Luis Alberto Félix Sánchez Sánchez was a Peruvian lawyer, jurist, philosopher, historian, writer and politician. A historic member of the Peruvian Aprista Party, he became a Senator and member of two Constitutional Assemblies, in which the second one (1978–1980), he occupied the vice-presidency of the Assembly and the presidency of the Constitution Committee. During the presidency of Alan García (1985–1990), he was his Second Vice President and was appointed for a short period as Prime Minister of Peru. In Congress he served as President of the Senate two occasions. He is the oldest Vice President of Peru, taking office at the age of 84 years, 289 days.
The order of precedence in Argentina is a symbolic hierarchy of officials used to direct protocol. It is regulated by Presidential Decree 2072 of 10 October 1993, signed by then President Carlos Menem, and former ministers Guido di Tella and Carlos Ruckauf.
Colegio de la Inmaculada is a private Catholic primary and secondary school, located in Lima, Peru. Established by the Society of Jesus in 1878, the school finds its roots in Royal College of San Martin, founded by the Jesuits in 1582.
The National Geographic Institute of Guatemala is a scientific agency of the Guatemalan government.
Alberto Ítalo Luis Pandolfi Arbulú is a Peruvian businessman and politician who served as Prime Minister of Peru twice from 3 April 1996 to 4 June 1998, and from 21 August 1998 to 3 January 1999, under President Alberto Fujimori. During his terms, he also at times held the communications, production, fisheries and transport portfolios.
Punta Sommeiller or Pointe Sommeiller is a mountain of the Province of Turin, Italy and of Savoie, France. It lies in the Cottian Alps range. It has an elevation of 3,333 metres (10,935 ft) above sea level.
Viracochapampa, Huiracochapampa, or Wiracochapampa is an archaeological site with the remains of a building complex of ancient Peru of pre-Inca times. It was one of the administrative centers of the Wari culture. Viracochapampa is located about 3.5 km north of Huamachuco in the region of La Libertad at an elevation of 3,070 metres (10,072 ft).
The National Directorate of Intelligence (Spanish: Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia), or (DINI), is the premier intelligence agency in Peru. The agency is responsible for national, military and police intelligence, as well as counterintelligence.
The order of precedence in Guatemala is a symbolic hierarchy of officials used to direct protocol. It is regulated by Presidential Decree 07-2003 of March 11, 2003. signed by then President Alfonso Portillo, President of the Congress Efraín Ríos Montt and Former Interior Minister José Adolfo Reyes Calderón.
The Army General Staff is the supreme staff of the Argentine Army. It is based at the Libertador Building, Buenos Aires. The current chief is the brigadier general Carlos Alberto Presti.
Ernesto Montagne Markholz was a Peruvian military officer, diplomat, and politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Lieutenant Colonel Luis Sánchez Cerro (1930–1931). In the second government of Óscar R. Benavides, he served as Minister of Justice, Instruction, Worship and Charity (1934–1935), Minister of Public Education (1935–1939) and President of the Council of Ministers (1936–1939). He was also a senator of the Republic (1939–1948) and President of the Senate (1939–1941).
The following squads were named for the 1939 South American Championship that took place in Peru.
The Geographical Society of Lima is a scientific institution and geographical society based in Lima, Peru, founded in 1888. It has a library of ancient works and publishes works of geographical significance. It was founded with the purpose of collecting materials to support the defense of territorial rights disputed by neighbouring countries, something of great importance at the time of its foundation, and currently studies national geography and natural resources, determining the best routes for the construction of land roads and promoting immigration, as well as forming and preserving a geographical library, and maintaining correspondence with analogous societies in the world. It awards decorations to those who make significant contributions to the knowledge of the reality of Peru.
The 1914 Peruvian coup d'état took place on January 4, 1914, headed by Colonel Óscar R. Benavides, who a day earlier was removed from his position as chief of the Army General Staff. The coup was aimed at preventing Guillermo Billinghurst's government from dissolving the Peruvian Congress, which opposed him. It was the first successful coup d'état of the 20th century in Peru.
