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The halophiles, named after the Greek word for "salt-loving", are extremophiles that thrive in high salt concentrations. While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin. Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Urmia Lake in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
Halomonadaceae is a family of halophilic Pseudomonadota.
Haloarchaea are a class of the Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. Halobacteria are now recognized as archaea rather than bacteria and are one of the largest groups. The name 'halobacteria' was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the domain Archaea was realized, and while valid according to taxonomic rules, should be updated. Halophilic archaea are generally referred to as haloarchaea to distinguish them from halophilic bacteria.
In taxonomy, Roseivivax is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.
In taxonomy, Loktanella is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.
In taxonomy, Methanohalophilus is a genus of the Methanosarcinaceae.
Haloarcula is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria.
Halorubrum is a genus in the family Halorubraceae. Halorubrum species areusually halophilic and can be found in waters with high salt concentration such as the Dead Sea or Lake Zabuye.
Haloterrigena is a genus of the Natrialbaceae.
In taxonomy, Halovivax is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. Some species of Halovivax are halophiles and have been found in Iran's Aran-Bidgol hypersaline lake.
Natrinema is a genus of the Natrialbaceae.
Natronorubrum is a genus in the family Halobacteriaceae.
Methanocalculus is a genus of the Methanomicrobiales, and is known to include methanogens.
Lonar Lake, also known as Lonar crater, is a notified National Geo-heritage Monument, saline, soda lake, located at Lonar in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. Lonar Lake is an astrobleme created by a meteorite impact during the Pleistocene Epoch. It is one of only four known hyper-velocity impact craters in basaltic rock anywhere on Earth. The other three basaltic impact structures are in southern Brazil. Lonar Lake has a mean diameter of 1.2 kilometres (3,900 ft) and is about 137 metres (449 ft) below the crater rim. The meteor crater rim is about 1.8 kilometres (5,900 ft) in diameter.
Desulfuromonas is a Gram negative bacterial genus from the family of Desulfuromonadaceae. Desulfuromonas can reduce elemental sulfur to H2S. Desulfuromonas occur in anoxic sediments and saline lakes.
Leeuwenhoekiella is a strictly aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.
Pontibacter is a strictly aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae.
Haloferax prahovense is a species of archaea in the family Haloferacaceae.
Archaerhodopsin proteins are a family of retinal-containing photoreceptors found in the archaea genera Halobacterium and Halorubrum. Like the homologous bacteriorhodopsin (bR) protein, archaerhodopsins harvest energy from sunlight to pump H+ ions out of the cell, establishing a proton motive force that is used for ATP synthesis. They have some structural similarities to the mammalian GPCR protein rhodopsin, but are not true homologs.
Natrialbales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Natrialba.
References
- 1 2 3 Page Species: Natrinema longum on "LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature". Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen . Retrieved 2022-07-14.
- ↑ Cui HL, Tohty D, Zhou PJ, Liu SJ (August 2006). "Haloterrigena longa sp. nov. and Haloterrigena limicola sp. nov., extremely halophilic archaea isolated from a salt lake". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56 (8): 1837–1840. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.64372-0 . PMID 16902017.
