Natrialbales

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Natrialbales
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Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Euryarchaeota
Class: Halobacteria
Order: Natrialbales
Gupta et al. 2015
Genus [1]

Natrialbales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. [2] The type genus of this order is Natrialba. [1]

Contents

The name Natrialbales is derived from the Latin term Natriabla, referring to the type genus of the order and the suffix "-ales", an ending used to denote an order. Together, Natrialbales refers to an order whose nomenclatural type is the genus Natrialba.

Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures [2]

Members are halophilic chemoorganotrophs and are mainly isolated from high-salt environments such as saline lakes, soda lakes and salted hides. Some members are motile. Morphology is variable, including rod, coccus or pleomorphic shapes. Majority of the class are able to grow optimally in alkaline pH and do not possess gas vesicles. The DNA G+C content for this order ranges between 60-70 mol%.

This order can be reliably distinguished from other orders within the phylum Euryarchaeota by the presence of eight conserved signature proteins (CSPs) and two conserved signature indels (CSIs) present in the ribosomal operon protein and small GTP-binding protein. [2]

Historical systematics and taxonomy

As of 2021, Natrialbales contains one family, Natrialbaceae. [1] Members of this order was demarcated from the class Halobacteria, previously a large phylogenetically unrelated group of species with distinct biochemical characteristics and different ecological niches. [3] [4] [5] 16S rRNA based phylogenetic trees and morphological/physiological characteristics were not sufficient to clarify the evolutionary relationship above the genus level within the class Halobacteria.

In 2015, Gupta et al. proposed the division of the class Halobacteria into Halobacteriales, Haloferacales and Natrialbales based on comparative genomic analyses and the branching pattern of various phylogenetic trees constructed from several different datasets of conserved proteins and 16S rRNA sequences. [2] Molecular markers, specifically conserved signature indels, specific to this order were also identified as evidence supporting the division independent of phylogenetic trees. [2]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [6] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). [7]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [8] [9] [10] 53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [11] [12] [13]

Natronoarchaeum {"Natronoarchaeaceae"} *

Salinarchaeum {"Salinarchaeaceae"}

Natrialbaceae

Halovivax 2

Natronobiforma Sorokin et al. 2019

Saliphagus Yin et al. 2017

Halovarius Mehrshad et al. 2015 *

Natribaculum Liu et al. 2015 *

Natronobacterium Tindall et al. 1984

Halobiforma Hezayen et al. 2002

Halovivax Castillo et al. 2006

Natronococcus Tindall et al. 1984

Natrarchaeobaculum Sorokin et al. 2020

Natronolimnohabitans Sorokin et al. 2020

Natronolimnobius Itoh et al. 2005

Salinadaptatus Xue et al. 2020

Halopiger Gutierrez et al. 2007

Natrarchaeobius halalkaliphilus

Natronorubrum Xu et al. 1999

Natrialba Kamekura & Dyall-Smith 1996 (incl. Natrarchaeobius )

Natrinema 2

Halosolutus Sun et al. 2022

Halostagnicola Castillo et al. 2006

Natrinema 3

Natrinema McGenity et al. 1998

Note: * paraphyletic Halobacteriaceae

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euryarchaeota</span> Phylum of archaea

Euryarchaeota is a phylum of archaea. Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines; halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt; and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C. They are separated from the other archaeans based mainly on rRNA sequences and their unique DNA polymerase.

Halobacteriaceae is a family in the order Halobacteriales and the domain Archaea. Halobacteriaceae represent a large part of halophilic Archaea, along with members in two other methanogenic families, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocalculaceae. The family consists of many diverse genera that can survive extreme environmental niches. Most commonly, Halobacteriaceae are found in hypersaline lakes and can even tolerate sites polluted by heavy metals. They include neutrophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and there have even been psychrotolerant species discovered. Some members have been known to live aerobically, as well as anaerobically, and they come in many different morphologies. These diverse morphologies include rods in genus Halobacterium, cocci in Halococcus, flattened discs or cups in Haloferax, and other shapes ranging from flattened triangles in Haloarcula to squares in Haloquadratum, and Natronorubrum. Most species of Halobacteriaceae are best known for their high salt tolerance and red-pink pigmented members, but there are also non-pigmented species and those that require moderate salt conditions. Some species of Halobacteriaceae have been shown to exhibit phosphorus solubilizing activities that contribute to phosphorus cycling in hypersaline environments. Techniques such as 16S rRNA analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization have been major contributors to taxonomic classification in Halobacteriaceae, partly due to the difficulty in culturing halophilic Archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halobacteriales</span> Order of archaea

Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.

The Caryophanaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria. In 2020, the now defunct family Planococcaceae was merged into Caryophanaceae to rectify a nomenclature anomaly. The type genus of this family is Caryophanon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haloarchaea</span> Class of salt-tolerant archaea

Haloarchaea are a class of prokaryotic organisms under the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. Halobacteria are now recognized as archaea rather than bacteria and are one of the largest groups. The name 'halobacteria' was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the domain Archaea was realized, and while valid according to taxonomic rules, should be updated. Halophilic archaea are generally referred to as haloarchaea to distinguish them from halophilic bacteria.

<i>Haloarcula</i> Genus of archaea

Haloarcula is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria.

Halobiforma is a genus of halophilic archaea of the family Natrialbaceae.

Halococcus is a genus of the Halococcaceae.

<i>Haloferax</i> Genus of archaea

In taxonomy, Haloferax is a genus of halobacteria in the order Haloferacaceae.

In taxonomy, Halovivax is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. Some species of Halovivax are halophiles and have been found in Iran's Aran-Bidgol hypersaline lake.

In taxonomy, Natrialba is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. The genus consists of many diverse species that can survive extreme environmental niches, especially they are capable to live in the waters saturated or nearly saturated with salt (halophiles). They have certain adaptations to live within their salty environments. For example, their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the cell to keep its water molecules around these components. The osmotic pressure and these amino acids help to control the amount of salt within the cell.

In taxonomy, Natronococcus is a genus of the Natrialbaceae.

Natronomonas is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.

Adlercreutzia is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haloferacaceae</span> Family of bacteria

Haloferacaceae is a family of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the order Haloferacales. The type genus of this family is Haloferax. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Haloferacales.

The Eggerthellaceae are a family of Gram-positive, rod- or coccus-shaped Actinomycetota. It is the sole family within the order Eggerthellales.

Haloferacales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Haloferax.

Halorubraceae is a family of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the order Haloferacales. The type genus of this family is Halorubrum. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Haloferacales.

Haloarculaceae is a family of halophilic and mostly chemoorganotrophic archaea within the order Halobacteriales. The type genus of this family is Haloarcula. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Halobacteriales.

Halococcaceae is a family of halophilic and mostly chemoorganotrophic archaea within the order Halobacteriales. The type genus of this family is Halococcus. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Halobacteriales.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Order: Natrialbales". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Gupta, Radhey S.; Naushad, Sohail; Baker, Sheridan (2015-03-01). "Phylogenomic analyses and molecular signatures for the class Halobacteria and its two major clades: a proposal for division of the class Halobacteria into an emended order Halobacteriales and two new orders, Haloferacales ord. nov. and Natrialbales ord. nov., containing the novel families Haloferacaceae fam. nov. and Natrialbaceae fam. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65 (Pt_3): 1050–1069. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.070136-0 . ISSN   1466-5026. PMID   25428416.
  3. Hirsch, Peter (2005), "Dichotomicrobium Hirsch and Hoffman 1989b, 495VP (Effective publication: Hirsch and Hoffman 1989a, 300)", Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 513–518, doi:10.1007/0-387-29298-5_124, ISBN   0-387-24145-0 , retrieved 2021-06-27
  4. Grant, William D.; Kamekura, Masahiro; McGenity, Terry J.; Ventosa, Antonio (2015-09-14). "Halobacteria class. nov". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria: 1. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00026. ISBN   9781118960608.
  5. Oren, Aharon (2012-02-01). "Taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae: a paradigm for changing concepts in prokaryote systematics". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (2): 263–271. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.038653-0 . ISSN   1466-5026. PMID   22155757.
  6. J.P. Euzéby. "Natrialbales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  7. Sayers; et al. "Natrialbales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
  8. "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  10. "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  11. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  13. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.