List of Archaea genera

Last updated

This article lists the genera of the Archaea. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). [2] However, in the List provided below, GTDB has precedence unless otherwise noted.

Contents

Phylogeny

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy was initially used to decorate the genome tree via tax2tree. The 16S rRNA-based Greengenes taxonomy is used to supplement the taxonomy particularly in regions of the tree with no cultured representatives. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Taxonomic ranks are normalised using phylorank and the taxonomy manually curated to remove polyphyletic groups. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Cladogram was taken from the GTDB release 09-RS220 (24th April 2024). [8] [9] [10] The position of clades with a "question mark" are based on the additional phylogeny of the 16S rRNA-based LTP_12_2021 by The All-Species Living Tree Project. [11] [12] [13]

Archaea

Archaea incertae sedis

Phylum "Microcaldota"

Class "Microcaldia"

Order "Microcaldales"

  • Family "Microcaldaceae" Sakai et al. 2022

Phylum "Undinarchaeota"

Class "Undinarchaeia"

Order "Undinarchaeales"

  • Family "Naiadarchaeaceae" Dombrowski et al. 2020
  • Family "Undinarchaeaceae" Dombrowski et al. 2020

Phylum "Altarchaeota"

Class "Altarchaeia"

Order "Altarchaeales"

  • Family "Altarchaeaceae" corrig. Probst et al. 2014

Phylum "Iainarchaeota"

Class "Iainarchaeia"

Order "Forterreales"

  • Family "Forterreaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
    • "Candidatus Forterrea" Probst & Banfield 2017

Order "Iainarchaeales"

  • Family "Iainarchaeaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Phylum "Micrarchaeota"

Phylogeny of Micrarchaeota [8] [9] [10]
"Norongarragalinales"

"Ca. Norongarragalina"

"Micrarchaeales"
"Micrarchaeaceae"
"Anstonellales"
"Anstonellaceae"

"Ca. Anstonella"

"Bilamarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Bilamarchaeum"

"Gugararchaeales"

"Ca. Gugararchaeum"

"Burarchaeales"

"Ca. Burarchaeum"

"Fermentimicrarchaeales"

"Ca. Fermentimicrarchaeum"

Class "Micrarchaeia"

Order "Norongarragalinales"

  • Family "Norongarragalinaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Micrarchaeales"

  • Family "Micrarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Anstonellales"

  • Family "Anstonellaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021
    • "Candidatus Anstonella" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021
  • Family "Bilamarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Fermentimicrarchaeales"

  • Family "Fermentimicrarchaeaceae" Kadnikov et al. 2020 (Sv326)

Order "Burarchaeales"

  • Family "Burarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Gugararchaeales"

  • Family "Gugararchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Phylum "Huberarchaeaota"

Class "Huberarchaeia"

Order "Huberarchaeales"

  • Family "Huberarchaeaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Phylum "Aenigmatarchaeota"

Class "Aenigmatarchaeia"

Order "Aenigmatarchaeales"

  • Family "Aenigmatarchaeaceae" corrig. Rinke et al. 2020

Phylum "Nanohalarchaeota"

Phylogeny of Nanohalobiales [8] [9] [10]
"Nanoanaerosalinaceae"

"Candidatus Nanoanaerosalina"

"Nanohalalkaliarchaeaceae"

"Candidatus Nanohalalkaliarchaeum"

"Nanohalobiaceae"

"Candidatus Nanosalinicola"

"Candidatus Nanosalina"

"Candidatus Nanohalobium"

Class "Nanohalarchaeia"

Order "Nanohydrothermales"

  • Family "Nanohydrothermaceae" Xie et al. 2022

Order "Nucleotidisoterales"

  • Family "Nanosalenecaceae" Xie et al. 2022
  • Family "Nucleotidisoteraceae" Xie et al. 2022
  • Family "Nucleotidivindicaceae" Xie et al. 2022

Order "Nanohalarchaeales"

Class "Nanohalobiia"

Order "Nanohalobiales"

  • Family "Nanoanaerosalinaceae" Zhao et al. 2022
  • Family "Nanohalalkaliarchaeaceae" La Cono et al. 2020
  • Family "Nanohalobiaceae" La Cono et al. 2020

Phylum Nanobdellota

Phylogeny of Nanobdellota [8] [9] [10]
Nanobdellia
Nanobdellales
"Nanoarchaeaceae"

" Nanoarchaeum "

Nanobdellaceae
"Tiddalikarchaeales"

"Ca. Tiddalikarchaeum"

"Jingweiarchaeales"

"Ca. Jingweiarchaeum"

"JAPDLS01"

"Ca. Haiyanarchaeum"

"Parvarchaeales"
"Parvarchaeaceae"

Class Nanobdellia

Nanobdellia incertae sedis

Order JAPDLS01

  • Family "Haiyanarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023

Order "Jingweiarchaeales"

  • Family "Jingweiarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023

Order Nanobdellales

  • Family "Nanoarchaeaceae" Huber et al. 2011
  • Family Nanobdellaceae Kato et al. 2022 ["Nanopusillaceae" Huber et al. 2011]
    • Nanobdella Kato et al. 2022
    • "Candidatus Nanoclepta" St. John et al. 2019
    • "Candidatus Nanopusillus" Wurch et al. 2016 ["Candidatus Nanobsidianus" Castelle et al. 2015]

Order "Tiddalikarchaeales"

  • Family "Tiddalikarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Parvarchaeales"

Phylum Promethearchaeota

Phylogeny of Promethearchaeota [8] [9] [10]

Promethearchaeota incertae sedis

Class "Thorarchaeia"

Order "Thorarchaeales"

Class "Njordarchaeia"

Order "Njordarchaeales"

Class "Sifarchaeia"

Order "Borrarchaeales"

  • Family "Borrarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021

Order "Sifarchaeales"

  • Family "Sifarchaeaceae" Sun et al. 2021
    • "Candidatus Sifarchaeum" corrig. Farag, Zhao & Biddle 2020

Class "Wukongarchaeia"

Order "Wukongarchaeales"

  • Family "Wukongarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021

Class "Heimdallarchaeia"

Order "Hodarchaeales"

  • Family "Hodarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021

Order "Gerdarchaeales"

Order "Heimdallarchaeales"

  • Family "Kariarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021
  • Family "Heimdallarchaeaceae" ?Wu et al. 2022

Class "Odinarchaeia"

Order "Odinarchaeales"

  • Family "Odinarchaeaceae" Tamarit et al. 2022

Class "Jordarchaeia"

Order "Jordarchaeales"

  • Family "Freyrarchaeaceae" Xie et al. 2022
  • Family "Jordarchaeaceae" Sun et al. 2021

Class "Baldrarchaeia"

Order "Baldrarchaeales"

  • Family "Baldrarchaeaceae" corrig. Liu et al. 2021

Class "Hermodarchaeia"

Order "Hermodarchaeales"

  • Family "Hermodarchaeaceae" corrig. Liu et al. 2021

Class Promethearchaeia

Order "Helarchaeales"

Order Promethearchaeales

In GTDB as order CR-4

Phylogeny of Promethearchaeales [8] [9] [10]
"Sigynarchaeaceae"

"Candidatus Sigynarchaeum"

Promethearchaeaceae

Promethearchaeum

"Candidatus Harpocratesius"

"Candidatus Lokiarchaeum"

Phylum Thermoproteota

Phylogeny of Thermoproteota [8] [9] [10]

Thermoproteota Incertae sedis

Class JANJXX01

Order "Panguiarchaeales"

  • Family "Panguiarchaeaceae" Qu et al. 2023

Class "Korarchaeia"

Order "Korarchaeales"

Class "Bathyarchaeia"

Order "Hecatellales"

  • Family "Hecatellaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Order "Bathyarchaeales"

  • Family "Bathyarchaeaceae" Khomyakova et al. 2023
  • Family "Bathycorpusculaceae" Loh & Brune 2023 [UBA233]

Class Nitrososphaeria_A

Order "Caldarchaeales"

Phylogeny of Nitrososphaeria_A [8] [9] [10]
"Caldarchaeales"
"Calditenuaceae"

"Ca. Calditenuis"

"Caldarchaeaceae"
"Wolframiiraptoraceae"
  • Family "Calditenuaceae" Balbay et al. 2023
  • Family "Caldarchaeaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Class Nitrososphaeria

Nitrososphaeria Incertae sedis

Order "Geothermarchaeales"

Order "Conexivisphaerales"

  • Family "Conexivisphaeraceae" Kato et al. 2021 (THSC Group)

Order Nitrososphaerales

Phylogeny of Nitrososphaerales [8] [9] [10]

Class "Methanomethylicia"

Methanomethylicia incertae sedis

  • Order "Methanohydrogenicales"
    • Family "Methanohydrogenicaceae" Berghuis et al. 2019
  • Order "Methanomethylarchaeales"
    • Family "Methanomethylarchaeceae" corrig. Hua et al. 2019
  • Order "Methanomethylovorales"
    • Family "Methanomethylovoraceae" Hua et al. 2019

Order "Nezhaarchaeales"

Order "Culexarchaeles"

  • Family "Culexarchaeaceae" Kohtz et al. 2022 ["Methanomediaceae" Berghuis et al. 2019]
    • "Candidatus Culexarchaeum" Kohtz et al. 2022 ["Candidatus Methanomedium" Berghuis et al. 2019]
  • Family "Culexmicrobiaceae" Kohtz et al. 2022

Order "Methanomethylicales"

Class Thermoproteia

Order "Gearchaeales"

  • Family "Gearchaeaceae" corrig.

Order Thermofilales

Order Thermoproteales

Phylogeny of Thermoproteales [8] [9] [10]
Thermoproteaceae
"Thermocladiaceae"

Class "Sulfolobia"

Order "Marsarchaeales"

Order Sulfolobales

Phylogeny of Sulfolobales [8] [9] [10]

Phylum Methanobacteriota_A

Phylogeny of Methanobacteriota_A [8] [9] [10]

Class "Methanococcia"

Order Methanococcales

Phylum "Hadarchaeota"

Class "Persephonarchaeia"

Class "Hadarchaeia"

Order "Hadarchaeales"

  • Family "Cerberiarchaeaceae" Benito Merino et al. 2024
  • Family "Hadarchaeaceae" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023

Phylum Methanobacteriota_B

Phylogeny of Methanobacteriota_B [8] [9] [10]
Thermococci
"Methanofastidiales"

"Ca. Methanofastidiosum"

"Methanofastidiosaceae"
Thermococcales
Thermococcaceae

Class "Theionarchaeia"

Class Thermococci

Order "Methanofastidiosales"

  • Family "Methanofastidiosaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Order Thermococcales

Phylum "Hydrothermarchaeota"

Class "Hydrothermarchaeia"

Order "Hydrothermarchaeales"

  • Family BMS3B
  • Family "Hydrothermarchaeaceae" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023

Phylum "Methanobacteriota"

Phylogeny of Methanobacteriota [8] [9] [10]
Methanobacteria
Methanothermobacteraceae_A

Methanothermobacter species-group 2

"Methanothermobacteraceae"

Methanothermobacter

Methanobacteriaceae

Methanobacterium species-group 3

Methanobacterium species-group 2

Methanobacteriales

Class Methanopyri

Order Methanopyrales

Class Methanobacteria

Order Methanobacteriales

Phylum Thermoplasmatota

Phylogeny of Thermoplasmatota [8] [9] [10]

Thermoplasmatota incertae sedis

Class "Izemarchaea"

Order "Thermoprofundales"

  • (MBG-D, E2)

Class "Poseidoniia"

Order MGIII

Order "Poseidoniales"

  • Family "Poseidoniaceae" corrig. Rinke et al. 2019
  • Family "Thalassarchaeaceae" corrig. Rinke et al. 2019

Class Thermoplasmata

Order "Lunaplasmatales"

  • Family "Lunaplasmataceae" Zinke et al. 2021

Order "Proteinoplasmatales"

  • (SG8-5)

Order "Yaplasmatales"

  • (RBG-16-68-12)

Order "Gimiplasmatales"

  • Family "Gimiplasmataceae" Hu et al. 2020

Order "Sysuiplasmatales"

  • Family "Sysuiplasmataceae" Yuan et al. 2021

Order Methanomassiliicoccales

Phylogeny of Methanomassiliicoccales [8] [9] [10]

Order "Halarchaeoplasmatales"

Phylogeny of Halarchaeoplasmatales [8] [9] [10]

"Candidatus Haladaptiplasma"

"Candidatus Natronoplasma"

"Candidatus Saliniplasma"

Order "Aciduliprofundales"

  • Family "Aciduliprofundaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Order Thermoplasmatales

Phylogeny of Thermoplasmatales [8] [9] [10]

Phylum Halobacteriota

Phylogeny of Halobacteriota [8] [9] [10]

Halobacteriota incertae sedis

Order "Methanoflorentales"

  • Family "Methanoflorentaceae" Mondav et al. 2014

Class Methanomicrobia

Order Methanomicrobiales

Phylogeny of Methanomicrobiales [8] [9] [10]

Class "Methanoliparia"

Order "Methanoliparales"

Class "Archaeoglobia"

Phylogeny of "Archaeoglobia" [8] [9] [10]
"Mnemosynellales"
"Mnemosynellaceae"

"Candidatus Mnemosynella"

Archaeoglobales

Order "Mnemosynellales"

  • Family "Mnemosynellaceae" Adam et al. 2022

Order Archaeoglobales

Class "Syntropharchaeia"

Phylogeny of "Syntropharchaeia" [8] [9] [10]
"Syntropharchaeales"
"Syntropharchaeaceae"

"Candidatus Syntropharchaeum"

"Alkanophagales"
"Alkanophagaceae"

"Candidatus Alkanophaga"

"Methanospiraraceae"

"Candidatus Methanoxibalbensis"

"Candidatus Methanospirare"

Order "Syntropharchaeales"

  • Family "Syntropharchaeaceae" corrig. (ANME-2 cluster)

Order "Alkanophagales"

  • Family "Methanophagaceae" Chadwick et al. 2022
  • Family ?"Veteromethanophagaceae" Vulcano et al. 2022
  • Family "Alkanophagaceae" [B39-G2]
  • Family "Methanospiraraceae" Laso-Pérez et al. 2022

Class Methanocellia

Order Methanocellales

Class Methanosarcinia

Order Methanosarcinales_A

  • Family Methermicoccaceae Cheng et al. 2007

Order Methanotrichales

Order Methanosarcinales

Phylogeny of Methanosarcinales [8] [9] [10]

Class "Methanonatronarchaeia"

Order "Methanonatronarchaeales"

Class "Hikarchaeia"

Order "Hikarchaeales"

  • Family "Hikarchaeaceae" Martijn et al. 2020 (MG-IV)

Class "Ordosarchaeia"

Order "Ordosarchaeales"

  • Family "Ordosarchaeaceae" Zhao et al. 2024

Class Halobacteria

Order Halorutilales

  • Family Halorutilaceae Durán-Viseras et al. 2023
Phylogeny of Halobacteriales [8] [9] [10]

Order Halobacteriales

Phylogeny of Natrialbaceae [8] [9] [10]
Phylogeny of Haloferacaceae [8] [9] [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanoarchaeota</span> Phylum of archaea

Nanoarchaeota is a proposed phylum in the domain Archaea that currently has only one representative, Nanoarchaeum equitans, which was discovered in a submarine hydrothermal vent and first described in 2002.

Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their energy metabolism, i.e., catabolism. Methane production, or methanogenesis, is the only biochemical pathway for ATP generation in methanogens. All known methanogens belong exclusively to the domain Archaea, although some bacteria, plants, and animal cells are also known to produce methane. However, the biochemical pathway for methane production in these organisms differs from that in methanogens and does not contribute to ATP formation. Methanogens belong to various phyla within the domain Archaea. Previous studies placed all known methanogens into the superphylum Euryarchaeota. However, recent phylogenomic data have led to their reclassification into several different phyla. Methanogens are common in various anoxic environments, such as marine and freshwater sediments, wetlands, the digestive tracts of animals, wastewater treatment plants, rice paddy soil, and landfills. While some methanogens are extremophiles, such as Methanopyrus kandleri, which grows between 84 and 110°C, or Methanonatronarchaeum thermophilum, which grows at a pH range of 8.2 to 10.2 and a Na+ concentration of 3 to 4.8 M, most of the isolates are mesophilic and grow around neutral pH.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodobacteraceae</span> Family of bacteria

The Rhodobacteraceae are a family of Pseudomonadota in the order Rhodobacterales within the alpha subgroup. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are gram-negative. It contains chemoorganotrophs and photoheterotrophs. Many occur in aquatic habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Candidatus</span> Indication in bacteriological nomenclature

In prokaryote nomenclature, Candidatus is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in in vitro study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity.

Fibrobacterota is a small bacterial phylum which includes many of the major rumen bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose in ruminant animals. Members of this phylum were categorized in other phyla. The genus Fibrobacter was removed from the genus Bacteroides in 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrosopumilales</span> Order of archaea

The Nitrosopumilales are an order of the Archaea class Nitrososphaeria.

The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis ; and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics as electron acceptors.

Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985. The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saccharibacteria</span> Bacterial lineage

Saccharibacteria, formerly known as TM7, is a major bacterial lineage. It was discovered through 16S rRNA sequencing.

Nanohaloarchaea is a clade of diminutive archaea with small genomes and limited metabolic capabilities, belonging to the DPANN archaea. They are ubiquitous in hypersaline habitats, which they share with the extremely halophilic haloarchaea.

The "Aigarchaeota" are a proposed archaeal phylum of which the main representative is Caldiarchaeum subterraneum. It is not yet clear if this represents a new phylum or a Nitrososphaerota order, since the genome of Caldiarchaeum subterraneum encodes several Nitrososphaerota-like features. The name "Aigarchaeota" comes from the Greek αυγή, avgí, meaning "dawn" or "aurora", for the intermediate features of hyperthermophilic and mesophilic life during the evolution of its lineage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parvarchaeota</span> Phylum of archaea

Parvarchaeota is a phylum of archaea belonging to the DPANN archaea. They have been discovered in acid mine drainage waters and later in marine sediments. The cells of these organisms are extremely small consistent with small genomes. Metagenomic techniques allow obtaining genomic sequences from non-cultured organisms, which were applied to determine this phylum.

Hadesarchaea, formerly called the South-African Gold Mine Miscellaneous Euryarchaeal Group, are a class of thermophile microorganisms that have been found in deep mines, hot springs, marine sediments, and other subterranean environments.

Nocardioides is a Gram-positive, mesophilic and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Nocardioidaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DPANN</span> A superphylum of Archaea grouping taxa that display various environmental and metabolic features

DPANN is a superphylum of Archaea first proposed in 2013. Many members show novel signs of horizontal gene transfer from other domains of life. They are known as nanoarchaea or ultra-small archaea due to their smaller size (nanometric) compared to other archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asgard (Archaea)</span> Proposed superphylum of Archaea

Asgard or Asgardarchaeota is a proposed superphylum belonging to the domain Archaea that contain eukaryotic signature proteins. It appears that the eukaryotes, the domain that contains the animals, plants, and fungi, emerged within the Asgard, in a branch containing the Heimdallarchaeota. This supports the two-domain system of classification over the three-domain system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atribacterota</span> Phylum of bacteria

Atribacterota is a phylum of bacteria, which are common in anoxic sediments rich in methane. They are distributed worldwide and in some cases abundant in anaerobic marine sediments, geothermal springs, and oil deposits. Genetic analyzes suggest a heterotrophic metabolism that gives rise to fermentation products such as acetate, ethanol, and CO2. These products in turn can support methanogens within the sediment microbial community and explain the frequent occurrence of Atribacterota in methane-rich anoxic sediments. According to phylogenetic analysis, Atribacterota appears to be related to several thermophilic phyla within Terrabacteria or may be in the base of Gracilicutes. According to research, Atribacterota shows patterns of gene expressions which consists of fermentative, acetogenic metabolism. These expressions let Atribacterota to be able to create catabolic and anabolic functions which are necessary to generate cellular reproduction, even when the energy levels are limited due to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the areas of sea waters, fresh waters, or ground waters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Candidate phyla radiation</span> A large evolutionary radiation of bacterial candidate phyla and superphyla

The candidate phyla radiation is a large evolutionary radiation of bacterial lineages whose members are mostly uncultivated and only known from metagenomics and single cell sequencing. They have been described as nanobacteria or ultra-small bacteria due to their reduced size (nanometric) compared to other bacteria.

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  14. 1 2 3 Ruize Xie, Yinzhao Wang, Danyue Huang, Jialin Hou, Liuyang Li, Haining Hu, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Fengping Wang: Expanding Asgard members in the domain of Archaea sheds new light on the origin of eukaryotes. In: Science China Life Sciences, vol. 65, p. 818–829, April 2022. doi:10.1007/s11427-021-1969-6, PMID 34378142. Epub: Aug. 6, 2021. Along with:Njordarchaeota, a new candidate for a sister group to eukaryotes. EurekAlert!, Oct. 20, 2021.
  15. LPSN: Order "Candidatus Njordarchaeales"
  16. 1 2 Fabai Wu, Daan R. Speth, Alon Philosof, Antoine Crémière, Aditi Narayanan, Roman A. Barco, Stephanie A. Connon, Jan P. Amend, Igor A. Antoshechkin, Victoria J. Orphan: Unique mobile elements and scalable gene flow at the prokaryote–eukaryote boundary revealed by circularized Asgard archaea genomes. In: Nature Microbiology volume 7, p. 200–212, Jan 13, 2022. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01039-y, PMID 35027677, PMC   8813620. See also Extended Data Fig. 2.
  17. LPSN: Order "Candidatus Freyrarchaeales"
  18. LPSN: Family "Candidatus Sigynarchaeaceae"