Halobacteriaceae is a family in the order Halobacteriales and the domain Archaea. Halobacteriaceae represent a large part of halophilic Archaea, along with members in two other methanogenic families, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocalculaceae. The family consists of many diverse genera that can survive extreme environmental niches. Most commonly, Halobacteriaceae are found in hypersaline lakes and can even tolerate sites polluted by heavy metals. They include neutrophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and there have even been psychrotolerant species discovered. Some members have been known to live aerobically, as well as anaerobically, and they come in many different morphologies. These diverse morphologies include rods in genus Halobacterium, cocci in Halococcus, flattened discs or cups in Haloferax, and other shapes ranging from flattened triangles in Haloarcula to squares in Haloquadratum, and Natronorubrum. Most species of Halobacteriaceae are best known for their high salt tolerance and red-pink pigmented members, but there are also non-pigmented species and those that require moderate salt conditions. Some species of Halobacteriaceae have been shown to exhibit phosphorus solubilizing activities that contribute to phosphorus cycling in hypersaline environments. Techniques such as 16S rRNA analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization have been major contributors to taxonomic classification in Halobacteriaceae, partly due to the difficulty in culturing halophilic Archaea.
Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.
Haloarchaea are a class of prokaryotic archaea under the phylum Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. 'Halobacteria' are now recognized as archaea rather than bacteria and are one of the largest groups or archaea. The name 'halobacteria' was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the domain Archaea was realized, and while valid according to taxonomic rules, should be updated. Halophilic archaea are generally referred to as haloarchaea to distinguish them from halophilic bacteria.
In taxonomy, the Ferroplasmaceae are a family of the Thermoplasmatales.
Halalkalicoccus is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.
Haloferax is a genus of halobacteria in the order Haloferacaceae.
Halomicrobium is a genus of the Haloarculaceae.
Halopiger is a genus of archaeans in the family Natrialbaceae that have high tolerance to salinity.
In taxonomy, Halovivax is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. Some species of Halovivax are halophiles and have been found in Iran's Aran-Bidgol hypersaline lake.
In taxonomy, Natrialba is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. The genus consists of many diverse species that can survive extreme environmental niches, especially they are capable to live in the waters saturated or nearly saturated with salt (halophiles). They have certain adaptations to live within their salty environments. For example, their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the cell to keep its water molecules around these components. The osmotic pressure and these amino acids help to control the amount of salt within the cell.
Natronorubrum is a genus in the family Halobacteriaceae.
The Selenomonadales are an order of bacteria within the class Negativicutes; unlike most other members of Bacillota, they are Gram-negative. The phylogeny of this order was initially determined by 16S rRNA comparisons. More recently, molecular markers in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs) have been found specific for all Selenomonadales species. On the basis of these markers, the Selenomonadales are inclusive of two distinct families, and are no longer the sole order within the Negativicutes. Several CSIs have also been found specific for both families, Sporomusaceae and Selenomonadceae. Samples of bacterial strains within this order have been isolated from the root canals of healthy human teeth.
The Geodermatophilales are an order of bacteria. Members of the order are Gram-positive, aerobic, and can be motile. They mainly inhabit arid and degraded habitats but also marine and plant-associated environments. Members have pigmented colonies.
The Iamiaceae are a family of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota.
The Eggerthellaceae are a family of Gram-positive, rod- or coccus-shaped Actinomycetota. It is the sole family within the order Eggerthellales.
Natrialbales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Natrialba.
Haloferacales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Haloferax.
Halorubraceae is a family of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the order Haloferacales. The type genus of this family is Halorubrum. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Haloferacales.
Haloarculaceae is a family of halophilic and mostly chemoorganotrophic archaea within the order Halobacteriales. The type genus of this family is Haloarcula. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Halobacteriales.
Halococcaceae is a family of halophilic and mostly chemoorganotrophic archaea within the order Halobacteriales. The type genus of this family is Halococcus. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Halobacteriales.
