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Thermococci | |
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Thermococcus gammatolerans | |
Scientific classification | |
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Class: | Thermococci Zillig and Reysenbach 2002 |
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In taxonomy, the Thermococci are a class of microbes within the Euryarchaeota. [1]
They live in extremely hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents, and they have optimal growth temperatures above 80 °C. Thermococcus and Pyrococcus (literally "balls of fire") are both obligately anaerobic chemoorganotrophs.
Thermococcus prefers 70–95 °C and Pyrococcus 70-100 °C. Palaeococcus helgesonii , recently discovered in the Tyrrhenian Sea, is an aerobic chemoheterotrophic that grows at temperatures of 45–85 °C with an optimal temperature of 80 °C. Thermococcus gammatolerans sp. nov. was recently discovered in the Guaymas Basin, and it grows at temperatures from 55 to 95 °C with an optimal temperature around 88 °C with an optimal pH of 6. It has pronounced radioresistance and can survive gamma radiation at 30 kGy. [2]
Thermococcus grows on organic substrates where there is a higher capacity of elemental sulfur. This archaeon mostly grows between temperatures 60–100 degrees Celsius. The average temperature where they thrive is around 85 degrees Celsius.
The DNA structure has a cicular genome with around 2,353 coding sequence, and 2,306 are identified.
The Thermoprotei is a class of the Thermoproteota.
In taxonomy, the Methanopyri are a class of the Euryarchaeota.
In taxonomy, the Thermoplasmata are a class of the Euryarchaeota.
Thermoplasmataceae is a family of archaeans in the order Thermoplasmatales. It contains only one genus, Thermoplasma. All species within Thermoplasmataceae are thermoacidophiles, and they grow at a temperature of 60 °C and pH 2. They were isolated from hydrothermal vents, fumaroles and similar environments.
Thermoplasmatales is an order of archaeans in the class Thermoplasmata. All are acidophiles, growing optimally at pH below 2. Picrophilus is currently the most acidophilic of all known organisms, being capable of growing at a pH of -0.06. Many of these organisms do not contain a cell wall, although this is not true in the case of Picrophilus. Most members of the Thermotoplasmata are thermophilic.
Methanobacteria is a class of archaeans in the kingdom Euryarchaeota. Several of the classes of the Euryarchaeota are methanogens and the Methanobacteria are one of these classes.
In the taxonomy of microorganisms, the Methanomicrobia are a class of the Euryarchaeota.
Methanococci is a class of methanogenic archaea in the phylum Euryarchaeota. They can be mesophilic, thermophilic or hyperthermophilic.
The Cenarchaeales are an order of the Thermoproteota, a phylum of Archaea.
The Desulfurococcales is an order of the Thermoprotei, part of the kingdom Archaea. The order encompasses some genera which are all thermophilic, autotrophs which utilise chemical energy, typically by reducing sulfur compounds using hydrogen. Desulfurococcales cells are either regular or irregular coccus in shape, with forms of either discs or dishes. These cells can be single, in pairs, in short chains, or in aciniform formation.
In taxonomy, the Thermococcales are an order of microbes within the Thermococci. The species within the Thermococcales are used in laboratories as model organisms. All these species are strict anaerobes and can ferment sugars as sources of carbon, but they also need elemental sulfur.
In taxonomy, the Methanosaetaceae are a family of microbes within the order Methanosarcinales. All species within this family use acetate as their sole source of energy.
The Pyrodictiaceae are a family of disc-shaped anaerobic microorganisms belonging to the order Desulfurococcales, in the domain Archaea. Members of this family are distinguished from the other family (Desulfurococcaceae) in the order Desulfurococcales by having an optimal growth temperature above 100 °C, rather than below 100 °C.
Methanocaldococcus formerly known as Methanococcus is a genus of coccoid methanogen archaea. They are all mesophiles, except the thermophilic M. thermolithotrophicus and the hyperthermophilic M. jannaschii. The latter was discovered at the base of a “white smoker” chimney at 21°N on the East Pacific Rise and it was the first archaean genome to be completely sequenced, revealing many novel and eukaryote-like elements.
In taxonomy, "Marinosulfonomonas" is a genus.
In taxonomy, Oceanicola is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.
Aciduliprofundum is a genus of the Euryarchaeota.
Thermodiscus is a genus of archaea in the family Desulfurococcaceae. The only species is Thermodiscus maritimus.
In taxonomy, Methanotorris is a genus of the Methanocaldococcaceae. The organisms in this genus differ from those of Methanothermococcus in that they are hyperthermophiles and from those of Methanocaldococcus in that they have no flagella, are not motile, and do not require selenium to grow. These microbes have not been shown to cause any illnesses.
In taxonomy, Methanothermococcus is a genus of the Methanococcaceae. The cells are shaped like irregular bars and tend to be Gram-negative. They are mobile via polar flagella. They require acetate to grow.