| Methanosarcinaceae | |
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| Family: | Methanosarcinaceae Balch and Wolfe 1981 |
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In taxonomy, the Methanosarcinaceae are a family of the Methanosarcinales. [1]
| Methanosarcinaceae | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Family: | Methanosarcinaceae Balch and Wolfe 1981 |
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In taxonomy, the Methanosarcinaceae are a family of the Methanosarcinales. [1]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [1]
| 16S rRNA-based LTP_01_2022 [3] [4] [5] | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207 [6] [7] [8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A notable trait of Methanosarcinaceae is that they are methanogens that incorporate the unusual amino acid pyrrolysine into their enzymes. [9] The enzyme monomethylamine methyltransferase catalyzes the reaction of monomethylamine to methane. This enzyme includes pyrrolysine. The unusual amino acid is inserted using a unique tRNA, the anticodon of which is UAG. In most organisms, and in most Methanosarcinaceae proteins, UAG is a stop codon. However in this enzyme, and anywhere else pyrrolysine is incorporated, likely through contextual markers on the mRNA, the pyrrolysine-loaded tRNA is inserted instead of the release factor. They also have a unique aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to specifically load this tRNA with pyrrolysine. This unique adaptation is still the subject of significant study.
The Thermoproteota are prokaryotes that have been classified as a phylum of the Archaea domain. Initially, the Thermoproteota were thought to be sulfur-dependent extremophiles but recent studies have identified characteristic Thermoproteota environmental rRNA indicating the organisms may be the most abundant archaea in the marine environment. Originally, they were separated from the other archaea based on rRNA sequences; other physiological features, such as lack of histones, have supported this division, although some crenarchaea were found to have histones. Until recently all cultured Thermoproteota had been thermophilic or hyperthermophilic organisms, some of which have the ability to grow at up to 113 °C. These organisms stain Gram negative and are morphologically diverse, having rod, cocci, filamentous and oddly-shaped cells.
Chrysiogenaceae is a family of bacteria.
The Thermoprotei is a class of the Thermoproteota.
In taxonomy, the Thermoplasmata are a class of the Euryarchaeota.
In taxonomy, the Picrophilaceae are a family of microbes within Thermoplasmatales.
In the taxonomy of microorganisms, the Methanomicrobia are a class of the Euryarchaeota.
Acidilobales are an order of archaea in the class Thermoprotei.
The Desulfurococcales is an order of the Thermoprotei, part of the kingdom Archaea. The order encompasses some genera which are all thermophilic, autotrophs which utilise chemical energy, typically by reducing sulfur compounds using hydrogen. Desulfurococcales cells are either regular or irregular coccus in shape, with forms of either discs or dishes. These cells can be single, in pairs, in short chains, or in aciniform formation.
Methanobacteriales is an order of archaeans in the class Methanobacteria. Species within this order differ from other methanogens in that they can use fewer catabolic substrates and have distinct morphological characteristics, lipid compositions, and RNA sequences. Their cell walls are composed of pseudomurein. Most species are Gram-positive with rod-shaped bodies and some can form long filaments. Most of them use formate to reduce carbon dioxide, but those of the genus Methanosphaera use hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane.
In taxonomy, the Methanococcales are an order of the Methanococci.
Methanosarcinales is an order of archaeans in the class Methanomicrobia.
In taxonomy, the Methanosaetaceae are a family of microbes within the order Methanosarcinales. All species within this family use acetate as their sole source of energy.
The Pyrodictiaceae are a family of disc-shaped anaerobic microorganisms belonging to the order Desulfurococcales, in the domain Archaea. Members of this family are distinguished from the other family (Desulfurococcaceae) in the order Desulfurococcales by having an optimal growth temperature above 100 °C, rather than below 100 °C.
In taxonomy, Methanococcoides is a genus of the Methanosarcinaceae.
In taxonomy, Rhodobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae. The most famous species of Rhodobacter are Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus, which are used as model organisms to study bacterial photosynthesis.
In taxonomy, Methanohalophilus is a genus of the Methanosarcinaceae.
In taxonomy, Methanolobus is a genus of methanogenic archaea within the Methanosarcinaceae. These organisms are strictly anaerobes and live exclusively through the production of methane, but the species within Methanolobus cannot use carbon dioxide with hydrogen, acetate or formate, only methyl compounds. The cells are irregular coccoid in form and approximately 1 μm in diameter. They do not form endospores. They are Gram negative and only some are motile, via a single flagellum. They are found in lake and ocean sediments that lack oxygen.
In taxonomy, Methanosalsum is a genus of microbes within the family Methanosarcinaceae. This genus contains two species.
In taxonomy, Methanospirillum is a genus of microbes within the family Methanospirillaceae. All its species are methanogenic archaea. The cells are bar-shaped and form filaments. Most produce energy via the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen, but some species can also use formate as a substrate. They are Gram-negative and move using archaella on the sides of the cells. They are strictly anaerobic, and they are found in wetland soil and anaerobic water treatment systems.
Methanocalculus is a genus of the Methanomicrobiales, and is known to include methanogens.