Methanosarcinaceae

Methanosarcinaceae
Phase-contrast photo of Methanosarcina barkeri, type strain MST
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Methanobacteriati
Phylum:	Halobacteriota
Class:	Methanomicrobia
Order:	Methanosarcinales
Family:	Methanosarcinaceae Balch and Wolfe 1981 [1]
Genera
See text

Methanosarcinaceae is a family of archaeans in the ordr Methanosarcinales. ^[2]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) ^[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). ^[2]

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 [3] [4] [5]	53 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 [6] [7] [8]
Methanohalobium Zhilina & Zavarzin 1988 Methanosalsum Boone and Baker 2002 Methanococcoides Sowers and Ferry 1985 Methanohalophilus Paterek and Smith 1988 Methanomethylovorans Lomans et al. 2004 Methanolobus König and Stetter 1983 Methanimicrococcus Sprenger et al. 2000 Methanosarcina Kluyver and van Niel 1936	Methanimicrococcus Methanosarcina Methanohalobium Methanosalsum Methanococcoides Methanohalophilus Methanomethylovorans Methanolobus

Unassigned gerea:

• Halomethanococcus Yu & Kawamura 1988
• "Methanolapillus" Protasov & Brune 2023
• "Ca. Methanovorans" Chadwick et al. 2022

Biochemistry

A notable trait of Methanosarcinaceae is that they are methanogens that incorporate the unusual amino acid pyrrolysine into their enzymes. ^[9] The enzyme monomethylamine methyltransferase catalyzes the reaction of monomethylamine to methane. This enzyme includes pyrrolysine. The unusual amino acid is inserted using a unique tRNA, the anticodon of which is UAG. In most organisms, and in most Methanosarcinaceae proteins, UAG is a stop codon. However in this enzyme, and anywhere else pyrrolysine is incorporated, likely through contextual markers on the mRNA, the pyrrolysine-loaded tRNA is inserted instead of the release factor. They also have a unique aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to specifically load this tRNA with pyrrolysine. This unique adaptation is still the subject of significant study.

See also

• List of Archaea genera

References

1. A.C. Parte; et al. "Methanosarcinaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2025-02-28.
2. C.L. Schoch; et al. "Methanosarcinaceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
3. "The LTP" . Retrieved 10 December 2024.
4. "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 10 December 2024.
5. "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
6. "GTDB release 09-RS220". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2024.
7. "ar53_r220.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2024.
8. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2024.
9. Lehninger A, Nelson D, Cox M. Lehninger principles of biochemistry. 6th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman; 2013 p. 1124-1126.

Further reading

Scientific journals

• Cavalier-Smith, T (2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi: 10.1099/00207713-52-1-7 . PMID   11837318.
• Springer E; Sachs MS; Woese CR; Boone DR (1995). "Partial gene sequences for the A subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrI) as a phylogenetic tool for the family Methanosarcinaceae". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45 (3): 554–559. doi: 10.1099/00207713-45-3-554 . PMID   8590683.
• Cavalier-Smith, T (1986). "The kingdoms of organisms". Nature. 324 (6096): 416–417. Bibcode:1986Natur.324..416C. doi:10.1038/324416a0. PMID   2431320. S2CID   5242667.
• Sowers KR; Johnson JL; Ferry JG (1984). "Phylogenic relationships among the methylotrophic methane-producing bacteria and emendation of the family Methanosarcinaceae". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34 (4): 444–450. doi: 10.1099/00207713-34-4-444 .
• Balch WE; Fox GE; Magrum LJ; Woses CR; et al. (1979). "Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group". Microbiol. Rev. 43 (2): 260–296. doi:10.1128/MMBR.43.2.260-296.1979. PMC   281474 . PMID   390357.

Scientific books

• Boone DR; Whitman WB; Koga Y (2001). "Order III. Methanosarcinales ord. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp.  169. ISBN   978-0-387-98771-2.
• Grant WD; Kamekura M; McGenity TJ; Ventosa A (2001). "Class III. Halobacteria class. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp.  169. ISBN   978-0-387-98771-2.