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The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) or Prokaryotic Code, formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC), governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea. It denotes the rules for naming taxa of bacteria, according to their relative rank. As such it is one of the nomenclature codes of biology.
Methanococcus is a genus of coccoid methanogens of the family Methanococcaceae. They are all mesophiles, except the thermophilic M. thermolithotrophicus and the hyperthermophilic M. jannaschii. The latter was discovered at the base of a “white smoker” chimney at 21°N on the East Pacific Rise and it was the first archaeal genome to be completely sequenced, revealing many novel and eukaryote-like elements.
Methanobacteriales is an order of archaeans in the class Methanobacteria. Species within this order differ from other methanogens in that they can use fewer catabolic substrates and have distinct morphological characteristics, lipid compositions, and RNA sequences. Their cell walls are composed of pseudomurein. Most species are Gram-positive with rod-shaped bodies and some can form long filaments. Most of them use formate to reduce carbon dioxide, but those of the genus Methanosphaera use hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane.
In taxonomy, the Methanococcales are an order of the Methanococci.
In the taxonomy of microorganisms, the Methanomicrobiales are an order of the Methanomicrobia. Methanomicrobiales are strictly carbon dioxide reducing methanogens, using hydrogen or formate as the reducing agent. As seen from the phylogenetic tree based on 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project the family Methanomicrobiaceae is highly polyphyletic within the Methanomicrobiales.
Sulfolobales is an order of archaeans in the class Thermoprotei.
In taxonomy, the Thermococcales are an order of microbes within the Thermococci. The species within the Thermococcales are used in laboratories as model organisms. All these species are strict anaerobes and can ferment sugars as sources of carbon, but they also need elemental sulfur.
Thermoproteales are an order of archaeans in the class Thermoprotei. They are the only organisms known to lack the SSB proteins, instead possessing the protein ThermoDBP that has displaced them. The rRNA genes of these organisms contain multiple introns, which can be homing endonuclease encoding genes, and their presence can impact the binding of "universal" 16S rRNA primers often used in environmental sequencing surveys.
In taxonomy, the Methanocaldococcaceae are a family of microbes within the order Methanococcales. It contains two genera, the type genus Methanocaldococcus and Methanotorris. These species are coccoid in form, neutrophilic to slightly acidophilic, and predominantly motile, and they have a very short generation period, from 25 to 45 minutes under optimal conditions. They produce energy exclusively through the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. Some species have been found in marine hydrothermal vents.
In taxonomy, the Methanococcaceae are a family of the Methanococcales. These organisms produce methane from formate or through the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. They live in marshes and other coastal areas. Members of the genus Methanothermococcus have been found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
In taxonomy, the Methanocorpusculaceae are a family of microbes within the order Methanomicrobiales. It contains exactly one genus, Methanocorpusculum. The species within Methanocorpusculum were first isolated from anaerobic digesters and anaerobic wastewater treatment plants. In the wild, they prefer freshwater environments. Unlike many other methanogenic archaea, they do not require high temperatures or extreme salt concentrations to live and grow.
Methanomicrobiaceae are a family of archaea in the order the Methanomicrobiales.
Methanospirillaceae are a family of microbes within Methanomicrobiales.
Methanothermaceae are a family of microbes within the order Methanobacteriales.
In taxonomy, the Thermococcaceae are a family of the Thermococcales. Almost all species within the three genera of Thermococcaceae were isolated from hydrothermal vents in the ocean. All are strictly anaerobes.
Thermofilaceae are a family of archaea in the order Thermoproteales.
In taxonomy, Methanomethylovorans is a genus of microorganisms with the family Methanosarcinaceae. This genus was first described in 1999. The species within it generally live in freshwater environments, including rice paddies, freshwater sediments and contaminated soil. They produce methane from methanol, methylamines, dimethyl sulfide and methanethiol. With the exception of M. thermophila, which has an optimal growth temperature of 50 °C, these species are mesophiles and do not tend to grow at temperatures above 40 °C.
In taxonomy, Methanomicrobium is a genus of the Methanomicrobiaceae. The cells are shaped like short bars and do not form endospores. They produce methane via the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen or formate. They cannot metabolize acetate, methylamines, or methanol.
Methanocalculus is a genus of the Methanomicrobiales, and is known to include methanogens.
References
- ↑ See the NCBI webpage on Candidatus Methanoregula. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information . Retrieved 2007-03-19.
- ↑ Brauer SL; Cadillo-Quiroz H; Yashiro E; Yavitt JB; et al. (2006). "Isolation of a novel acidiphilic methanogen from an acidic peat bog" (PDF). Nature. 442 (7099): 192–194. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..192B. doi:10.1038/nature04810. PMID 16699521. S2CID 4423901.
