List of bacterial orders

Last updated

This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [2] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 132 by The All-Species Living Tree Project. [3]

Contents

Phylogeny

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy was initially used to decorate the genome tree via tax2tree. The 16S rRNA-based Greengenes taxonomy is used to supplement the taxonomy particularly in regions of the tree with no cultured representatives. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Taxonomic ranks are normalised using phylorank and the taxonomy manually curated to remove polyphyletic groups. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Cladogram was taken from GTDB release 10-RS226 (16th April 2025). [9] [10] [11]

Bacteria

Chloroflexota (incl. "Dormibacterota")

"Cyanoprokaryota"

"Margulisbacteria"

Cyanobacteriota (incl. "Melainabacteria")

Thermotogati
Pseudomonadati

"Muiribacteriota" (incl. "Riflebacteria", "Wallbacteria")

"FCB group"
"Proteobacteria

Kingdom Bacillati

Phylum Chloroflexota

Phylogeny of Chloroflexota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum Actinomycetota

Phylogeny of Actinomycetota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Sysuimicrobiota"

Phylum Armatimonadota

Phylogeny of Armatimonadota [9] [10] [11]
"Zipacnadia"

"Zipacnadales"

Abditibacteriia

Abditibacteriales

Fervidibacteria

Fervidibacterales

"Heboniibacteriia"

"Heboniibacterales"

UBA5829

"Ca. Hippobium"

Fimbriimonadia

Fimbriimonadales

Chthonomonadetes

Chthonomonadales

Armatimonadia

Armatimonadales

Phylum Vulcanimicrobiota

Phylogeny of Vulcanimicrobiota [9] [10] [11]
"Xenobia"

"Xenobiales"

Vulcanimicrobiia

"Eremiobacterales"

Vulcanimicrobiales

Phylum Bacillota

Phylogeny of Bacillota s.l. [9] [10] [11]

Bacillota_G

Bacillota_E

Bacillota_D

"Bacillia" {Bacillota s.s.}

"Selenobacteria" (Bacillota_C)

"Desulfotomaculota" (Bacillota_B)

"Halanaerobiota" (Bacillota_F)

"Clostridiota" (Bacillota_A)

Firmicutes incertae sedis

Clade Bacillota G

Phylogeny of Bacillota G [9] [10] [11]
Limnochordia

Limnochordales

"Hydrogenisporia"

"Capillibacteriales"

"Hydrogenisporales"

  • Class Limnochordia Watanabe, Kojima & Fukui 2015
  • Class "Hydrogenisporia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022

Clade Bacillota E

Phylogeny of Bacillota E [9] [10] [11]
UBA3575

"Ca. Acetocimmeria"

Thermaerobacteria

Thermaerobacterales

Symbiobacteriia

Symbiobacteriales

"Fermentithermobacillia"

"Fermentithermobacillales"

Sulfobacillia

Sulfobacillales

Clade "Selenobacteria"

Phylogeny of Selenobacteria [9] [10] [11]

Clade "Desulfotomaculota"

Phylogeny of Desulfotomaculota [9] [10] [11]
DSM12270

Thermacetogeniales

Syntrophomonadia

Syntrophomonadales

DSM16504

Desulfitibacterales

KKC1

Calderihabitantales

JADQBR01

JADQBR01

DULZ01

DULZ01

"Moorellia"

Neomoorellales

"Carboxydocellia"

Carboxydocellales

Thermincolia

Thermincolales

"Carboxydothermia"

Carboxydothermales

Desulfotomaculia

Ammonificales

Desulfotomaculales

Clade "Halanaerobiota"

Phylogeny of "Halanaerobiota" [9] [10] [11]

Clade "Clostridiota"

Phylogeny of Bacillota A [9] [10] [11]

Clade Bacillota D

Phylogeny of Bacillota D [9] [10] [11]
"Proteinivoracia"

"Proteinivoracales"

"Dethiobacteria

SKNC01

Dehiobacterales

Natranaerobiia

Natranaerobiales

Clade Bacillota

Phylogeny of Bacillota s.s. [9] [10] [11]

Clade Cyanoprokaryota

Phylum "Margulisiibacteriota"

Phylogeny of Margulisiibacteriota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Cyanobacteriota"

Phylogeny of Cyanobacteriota [9] [10] [11]

Kingdom Thermotogati

Phylum Atribacterota

Phylum Synergistota

Phylum "Zhurongbacterota"

Phylum Dictyoglomerota

Phylum Thermodesulfobiota

Phylum Coprothermobacterota

Phylum "Lithacetigenota"

Phylum Caldisericota

Phylum Thermotogota

Phylogeny of Thermotogota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Bipolaricaulota"

Phylum Fusobacteriota

Clade Candidate Phyla Radiation

Phylum "Elulota"

Phylum Minisyncoccota

Phylogeny of Minisyncoccota [9] [10] [11]

"Wirthbacteria" (CG2-30-54-11)

"Microgenomates"

"Dojkabacteria"

"Katanobacteria"

"Microgenomatia"

"Woykebacterales"

"Curtissbacterales"

"Daviesbacterales"

"Levybacterales"

"Gottesmanbacterales" (UBA10105)

"Roizmanbacterales" (UBA1406)

"Chazhemtobacteriales"

"Shapirobacterales" (UBA12405)

GWA2-44-7

cluster
"Gracilibacteria"
"Absconditabacteria"

BD1-5

"Absconditabacterales"

"Gracilibacteria"

"Fallacibacteriales" (DOLZORAL124_38_8; UBA4473)

"Abawacabacterales" (RBG-16-42-10)

"Peregrinibacterales" (UBA1369)

"Peribacterales"

cluster
"Saccharibacteria"
cluster
"Parcubacteria"

"Torokbacteria" (GCA-2792135)

"Patescibacteriia"

"Kerfeldbacterales" (SBBC01)

"Jacksonbacterales" (UBA9629)

"Veblenbacterales"

"Komeilibacterales" (UBA1558)

"Kuenenbacterales" (UBA2196)

"Magasanikbacterales"

"Uhrbacterales" (GWA2-46-9)

"Buchananbacterales"

"Moisslbacterales" (UBA2591)

"Patescibacteriales"

"Falkowbacterales"

"Minisyncoccia"

"Moranbacterales"

"Phycocordibacterales" (UBA9973)

"Portnoybacterales"

"Parcunitrobacterales" (GWA2-38-13b)

"Azambacterales" (UBA10092)

"Yanofskybacterales" (2-02-FULL-40-12)

"Spechtbacterales"

"Terrybacterales"

"Sungbacterales"

"Giovannonibacteraceae" {UBA11713}

"Ryanbacterales"

"Niyogibacteraceae" {HO2-45-28}

"Tagabacteraceae" {JAHISW01}

cluster

Clade

Phylum Deinococcota

Kingdom Pseudomonadati

Incertae sedis

Phylum "Muiribacteriota"

  • Class "Muiribacteriia" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023
    • "Muiribacteriales" corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2023
  • Class "Ozemibacteria" corrig. Kadnikov et al. 2018 (RIF32/ACD39)
    • "Ozemibacterales" corrig. Kadnikov et al. 2018
  • Class "Wallbacteriia" [UBA9980] (RIF33)

Phylum "Lindowiibacteriota"

Phylum "Macinerneyibacteriota"

  • Class "Macinerneyibacteriia" corrig. Yadav et al. 2020
    • "Macinerneyibacteriales" corrig. Yadav et al. 2020

Phylum "Babelota"

  • Class "Babeliae" (sic) Yeoh et al. 2016 (TM6)

Phylum Campylobacterota

Phylogeny of Campylobacterota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum Spirochaetota

Phylogeny of Spirochaetota [9] [10] [11]
"Leptospirae"
Leptospiria
"Euspirochaetae"

Phylum "Goldiibacteriota"

  • "Candidatus Cellulosimonas" Doud et al. 2020

Phylum "Firestoneibacteriota"

Phylum "Ryujiniota"

  • Class "Ryujiniia" Sun et al. 2025

Phylum Elusimicrobiota

Phylum "Desantisiibacteriota"

Phylum "Aerophobota"

Phylum "Ratteibacteriota"

Phylum "Omnitrophota"

Phylogeny of Omnitrophota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Fidelibacterota"

Phylum "Heilongiota"

  • Class "Heilongiia" corrig. Zhang et al. 2022
    • ?"Heilongiales" Zhang et al. 2022

Phylum "Saltatorellota"

  • Class "Saltatorellae" Wiegand et al. 2019

Phylum "Tianyaibacteriota"

Phylum "Hinthialibacterota"

  • Class "Hinthialibacteria" Williams et al. 2022
    • "Hinthialibacterales" Williams et al. 2022 (OLB16)

Phylum "Sumerlaeota"

  • Class "Sumerlaeia" Kadnikov et al. 2018

Phylum "Abyssobacterota"

Phylum "Poribacteriota"

Phylum "Hydrogenedentota"

  • Class "Hydrogenedentia" Chuvochina et al. 2023 (NKB19)

Clade Planctobacteria

Phylum Planctomycetota

Phylogeny of Planctomycetota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Auribacterota"

Phylogeny of "Auribacterota" [9] [10] [11]
"Tritonobacteria"

"Tritonobacterales"

"Erginobacteria"

"Erginobacterales"

"Auribacteria"

"Auribacterales"

"Ancaeobacteria"

"Ancaeobacterales"

Phylum Chlamydiota

Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

Phylogeny of Verrucomicrobiota [9] [10] [11]

Clade FCB group

Phylum "Tangaroaeota"

  • Class "Tangaroaeia" Sun et al. 2025 ("Aegiribacteria")
    • "Tangaroaeales" Sun et al. 2025 (Hyd24-12)

Phylum "Edwardsiibacteriota"

Phylum "Latescibacterota"

Phylum "Zixiibacteriota"

Phylum "Fermentibacterota"

Phylum "Orphanbacterota"

Phylum "Arandabacterota"

Phylum "Joyebacterota"

Phylum "Eiseniibacteriota"

Phylum "Krumholzibacteriota"

Phylum "Blakebacterota"

Phylum Gemmatimonadota

Phylogeny of Gemmatimonadota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Hydrothermota"

Phylogeny of Hydrothermota [9] [10] [11]
  • Class "Tepidihabitantia" Slobodkina et al. 2025
  • Class "Stahliibacteriia" (UBA3073)
  • Class "Hydrothermia" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023

Phylum "Cloacimonadota"

  • Class "Cloacimonadia" Williams et al. 2021 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
    • "Candidatus Celaenobacter" Williams et al. 2021 {JGIOTU-2: JGIOTU-2}
    • "Cloacimonadales" Williams et al. 2021 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023 (WWE1)

Phylum Fibrobacterota

Phylogeny of Fibrobacterota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Marinisomatota"

Phylum Calditrichota

  • Class Calditrichia Kublanov et al. 2022

Phylum "Zhuqueibacterota"

Phylogeny of "Zhuqueibacterota" [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Effluvivivacota"

  • Family "Effluvivivacaceae" corrig. Su et al. 2024 (VGIX01)

Phylum "Electryoneota"

Phylogeny of "Electryoneota" [9] [10] [11]
"Tariuqbacteria"

"Tariuqbacterales"

"Electryoneia"

"Electryoneales"

AABM512524

"Hatepunaeales"

  • Class "Electryoneia" Williams et al. 2022
  • Class AABM5-125-24
  • Class "Tariuqbacteria" Vigneron, Vincent & Lovejoy 2023

Phylum "Delongiibacteriota"

Phylum Bacteroidota

Phylogeny of Bacteroidota [9] [10] [11]

Clade Proteobacteria

Phylum "Canglongiota"

Phylum Acidobacteriota

Phylogeny of Acidobacteriota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum Bdellovibrionota

Phylogeny of Bdellovibrionota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum Desulfobacterota G

Phylum "Acidulodesulfobacteriota"

  • Class "Acidulodesulfobacteriia" (sic) Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [SZUA-79]

Phylum "Dadaibacteriota"

  • Class "Dadabacteria" (sic) Hug et al. 2016 [CSP1-2]

Phylum "Calescibacteriota"

  • Class "Calescibacteriia" Chuvochina et al. 2023 (EM19)

Phylum Thermosulfidibacterota

  • Class Thermosulfidibacteria Cavalier-Smith 2020 ex Chuvochina et al. 2024

Phylum Aquificota

Phylogeny of Aquificota [9] [10] [11]
Desulfurobacteriia

Desulfurobacteriales

Aquificia

Aquificales

Phylum "Deferrimicrobiota"

Phylum "Deferrisomatota"

Phylum "Lernaellota"

Phylum "Binatota"

  • Class "Binatia" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023
    • "Binatales" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023

Phylum Myxococcota

Phylogeny of Myxococcota [9] [10] [11]
  • Class "Kuafubacteriia" corrig. Li et al. 2023
  • Class Myxococcia Waite et al. 2020
    • Myxococcales Tchan, Pochon & Prévot 1948 [Archangiales; "Angiobacteriales"; "Angiococcales"] (fruiting gliding bacteria)
  • Class Bradymonadia corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2024
  • Class Polyangiia corrig. Waite et al. 2020

Phylum "Nitrosediminicolota"

Phylum "Schekmaniibacteriota"

Phylum "Moduliflexota"

  • Class "Moduliflexia" Sekiguchi et al. 2015 (KSB3)

Phylum "Spongiamicota"

  • Class "Spongiamicia" Sun et al. 2025 [UBA8248]

Phylum "Tectimicrobiota"

  • Class "Entotheonellia" Chuvochina et al. 2023

Phylum Nitrospinota

  • Class Nitrospinia Lucker et al. 2022

Phylum "Methylomirabilota"

Phylum Nitrospirota

Phylogeny of Nitrospirota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota

Phylogeny of Thermodesulfobacteriota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum "Leptospirillaeota"

  • Class "Leptospirillia" Chuvochina et al. 2023

Phylum "Desulfovibrionota"

Phylogeny of "Desulfovibrionota" [9] [10] [11]

Phylum SAR324

Phylum "Oligoflexaeota"

Phylogeny of "Oligoflexaeota" [9] [10] [11]

Phylum Chrysiogenota

Phylogeny of Chrysiogenota [9] [10] [11]

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Phylogeny of Pseudomonadota [9] [10] [11]
"Caulobacteria"

Holosporales A

Rickettsiales A

Holosporales

Paracaedibacterales

"Caulobacteridae" cont'd

"Mariprofundia"

Mariprofundales

Magnetococcia

Magnetococcales

"Pseudomonadia"
"Neisseriidae"

"Tethybacterales"

Burkholderiales

"Pseudomonadidae"

"Thioglobales"

"Comchoanobacterales"

"Magnimaribacterales"

Pseudomonadales A

Cardiobacteriales

"Chromatiae"

"Enterobacteriae"

Phylogeny of "Caulobacteridae" [9] [10] [11]
Phylogeny of "Pseudomonadidae" [9] [10] [11]

List of Candidate Phyla

See also

References

  1. J.P. Euzéby. "Bacteria". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  2. Sayers; et al. "Bacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  3. All-Species Living Tree Project. "16S rRNA-based LTP release 132". Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database . Retrieved 2020-08-20.
  4. Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Waite, DW; Rinke, C; Skarshewski, A; Chaumeil, PA; Hugenholtz, P (November 2018). "A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life". Nature Biotechnology. 36 (10): 996–1004. bioRxiv   10.1101/256800 . doi:10.1038/nbt.4229. PMID   30148503. S2CID   52093100.
  5. Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Chaumeil, PA; Rinke, C; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P (September 2020). "A complete domain-to-species taxonomy for Bacteria and Archaea". Nature Biotechnology. 38 (9): 1079–1086. bioRxiv   10.1101/771964 . doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8. PMID   32341564. S2CID   216560589.
  6. Chaumeil, PA; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P; Parks, DH (15 November 2019). "GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database". Bioinformatics. 36 (6): 1925–1927. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz848 . PMC   7703759 . PMID   31730192.
  7. Almeida, Alexandre; Nayfach, Stephen; Boland, Miguel; Strozzi, Francesco; Beracochea, Martin; Shi, Zhou Jason; Pollard, Katherine S.; Sakharova, Ekaterina; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Segata, Nicola; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Finn, Robert D. (20 July 2020). "A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (1): 105–114. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0603-3 . PMC   7801254 . PMID   32690973.
  8. Nayfach, Stephen; et al. (9 November 2020). "A genomic catalog of Earth's microbiomes". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (4): 499–509. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6 . PMC   8041624 . PMID   33169036.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 "GTDB release 10-RS226". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 "bac120_r226.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 1 May 2025.
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