| Gemmatimonadota | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Clade: | FCB group |
| Phylum: | Gemmatimonadota Zhang et al. 2021 |
| Classes | |
| Synonyms | |
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The Gemmatimonadota are a phylum of bacteria established in 2003. The phylum contains two classes Gemmatimonadetes and Longimicrobia.
The type species Gemmatimonas aurantiaca strain T-27T was isolated from activated sludge in a sewage treatment system in 2003. [1] It is a Gram-negative bacterium able to grow by both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. [2]
The second cultured species was Gemmatirosa kalamazoonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. strain KBS708, which was isolated from organically managed agricultural soil in Michigan USA. [3]
The third cultured species Gemmatimonas phototrophica strain AP64T was isolated from a shallow freshwater desert lake Tiān é hú (Swan Lake) in North China. [4] A unique feature of this organism is the presence of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. It probably acquired genes for anoxygenic photosynthesis via horizontal gene transfer. G. phototrophica is a facultative photoheterotrophic organism. It requires the supply of organic substrate for growth, but it may obtain additional energy for its metabolism from light. [5]
Longimicrobium terrae strain CB-286315T was isolated from a soil sample from a typical Mediterranean forest ecosystem located in Granada, Spain. Due to this large phylogenetic distance from other cultured Gemmatimonades, it established a novel class named Longimicrobia. [6]
Data from culture-independent studies indicate that Gemmatimonadota are widely distributed in many natural habitats. They make up about 2% of soil bacterial communities and has been identified as one of the top nine phyla found in soils; yet, there are currently only six cultured isolates. [7] Gemmatimonadota have been found in a variety of arid soils, such as grassland, prairie, and pasture soil, as well as eutrophic lake sediments and alpine soils. This wide range of environments where Gemmatimonadota have been found suggests an adaptation to low soil moisture. [8] A study conducted showed that the distribution of the Gemmatimonadota in soil tends to be more dependent on the moisture availability than aggregation, reinforcing the belief that the members of this phylum prefer dryer soils. [9] Smaller numbers were also found in various aquatic environments, such as fresh waters and sediments.
| 16S rRNA based LTP_12_2021 [10] [11] [12] | 120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [13] [14] [15] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN) [16] and National Center for Biotechnology Information. [17]
The Aquificota phylum is a diverse collection of bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. The name Aquificota was given to this phylum based on an early genus identified within this group, Aquifex, which is able to produce water by oxidizing hydrogen. They have been found in springs, pools, and oceans. They are autotrophs, and are the primary carbon fixers in their environments. These bacteria are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods. They are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea.
The phylum Bacteroidota is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals.
Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.
The Thermodesulfobacteriota are a phylum of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Campylobacterota are a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Only a few genera have been characterized, including the curved to spirilloid Wolinella, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter. Until the 2021 revision of bacterial taxonomy by the ICSP, the entire phylum was classified within the Proteobacteria as the Epsilonproteobacteria.
Chloracidobacterium is a genus of the Acidobacteriota. It is currently assigned to the family Acidobacteriaceae, but phylogenetic evidence suggests that it belongs in Blastocatellia.
The Synergistota is a phylum of anaerobic bacteria that show Gram-negative staining and have rod/vibrioid cell shape. Although Synergistota have a diderm cell envelope, the genes for various proteins involved in lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis have not yet been detected in Synergistota, indicating that they may have an atypical outer cell envelope. The Synergistota inhabit a majority of anaerobic environments including animal gastrointestinal tracts, soil, oil wells, and wastewater treatment plants and they are also present in sites of human diseases such as cysts, abscesses, and areas of periodontal disease. Due to their presence at illness related sites, the Synergistota are suggested to be opportunistic pathogens but they can also be found in healthy individuals in the microbiome of the umbilicus and in normal vaginal flora. Species within this phylum have also been implicated in periodontal disease, gastrointestinal infections and soft tissue infections. Other species from this phylum have been identified as significant contributors in the degradation of sludge for production of biogas in anaerobic digesters and are potential candidates for use in renewable energy production through their production of hydrogen gas. All of the known Synergistota species and genera are presently part of a single class (Synergistia), order (Synergistiales), and family (Synergistaceae).
The phylum Elusimicrobiota, previously known as "Termite Group 1", has been shown to be widespread in different ecosystems like marine environment, sewage sludge, contaminated sites and soils, and toxic wastes. The high abundance of Elusimicrobiota representatives is only seen for the lineage of symbionts found in termites and ants.
Actinocorallia is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).
Actinopolymorpha is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).
Demequina is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota.
Armatimonadota is a phylum of gram-negative bacteria.
Gemmatimonas aurantiaca is a Gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobe, with type strain T-27T. It replicates by budding.
The Coriobacteriia are a class of Gram-positive bacteria within the Actinomycetota phylum. Species within this group are nonsporulating, strict or facultative anaerobes that are capable of thriving in a diverse set of ecological niches. Gordonibacter species are the only members capable of motility by means of flagella within the class. Several species within the Coriobacteriia class have been implicated with human diseases that range in severity. Atopobium, Olsenella, and Cryptobacterium species have responsible for human oral infections including periodontitis, halitosis, and other endodontic infections. Eggerthella species have been associated with severe blood bacteraemia and ulcerative colitis.
Phycisphaeraceae is a family of bacteria.
Motilibacter is a genus of bacteria from the class Actinomycetia.
Jatrophihabitans is a genus of Actinomycetota.
Gemmatimonas groenlandica is a bacterium species from the genus of Gemmatimonas which has been isolated from a stream in Zackenberg Valley, Greenland.
The "Acidobacteriia" is a class of Acidobacteriota.
Holophagae is a class of Acidobacteriota.
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