Thermotogati

Thermotogati
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Thermotogati Battistuzzi & Hedges 2024
Phyla
"Ca. Acetithermota" "Ca. Bipolaricaulota" Deinococcota Synergistota Thermotogota
Synonyms
"Thermotogida" Luketa 2012 [1] "Thermotogae" Battistuzzi & Hedges 2009 [2]

Thermotogati is a kingdom of bacteria. ^[3] They are united by the presence of an outer sheath-like membrane called a "toga". ^[1]

Taxonomy

The kingdom contains 3 valid and 2 Candidatus phyla: ^[4]

• "Ca. Acetithermota" – phylum as recorded by LPSN contains only one genus, "Candidatus Acetithermum". NCBI considers it a synonym of Bipolaricaulota per Hao et al. 2018. ^[5]
• "Ca. Bipolaricaulota"
• Deinococcota
• Synergistota
• Thermotogota

Phylogeny

Notes:

• Neither LTP nor GTDB resolves Thermotogati as a monophyletic group. The smallest group that includes all definitionally included phyla and sister groups are presented. Included phyla are shown in bold.
• Phylogenies below the phylum level are available on the pages for these individual phyla.
• The trees are extracted from phylum trees in pages The All-Species Living Tree Project and Branching order of bacterial phyla (Genome Taxonomy Database, 2018). They are subject to the disclaimers on these pages.

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [6] [7] [8]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [9] [10] [11] [12]

"Aquificida" "Thermosulfidibacterota" Aquificota "Synergistetes" Caldisericota Synergistota Coprothermobacterota Thermotogota Atribacterota Syntrophorhabdia Thermotomaculales Spirochaetota Firmicutes 3 "FCB group" "Melainabacteria" Cyanobacteriota Armatimonadota Chloroflexota Deinococcota Firmicutes 2 "Thermodesulfobiota" Elusimicrobiota Nitrospirota "Halanaerobiia" Acidobacteriota Chitinivibrionia "Planctobacteria" "Firmicutes" 1 (includes Bacillota and Fusobacteriota) "Hydrobacterida"

Actinomycetota "Cyanoprokaryota" Margulisbacteria Cyanobacteriota (incl. Melainabacteria) "Thermotogida" "Synergistetes" Atribacterota Synergistota "Thermocalda" Dictyoglomota Thermodesulfobiota Coprothermobacterota Caldisericota Thermotogota Fusobacteriati Patescibacteria "Ca. Bipolaricaulota" Deinococcota "Hydrobacteria"

The proximity of Thermotogota to Synergistota is well-resolved in both trees. GTDB, which includes Bipolaricaulota, supports its proximity to Deinococcota. However, the two trees do not appear to support the proximity between these two two-phylum groups.

Hao et al. (2018), using a CheckM genome tree constructed out of 43 marker genes, instead finds that Bipolaricaulota branches between Thermotogota and Synergistota, with Deinococcota branching relatively far away. ^[13]

References

1. Luketa S. New views on the megaclassification of life. Protistology 2012; 7:218–237 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250308890
2. Battistuzzi, F. U.; Hedges, S. B. (1 February 2009). "A Major Clade of Prokaryotes with Ancient Adaptations to Life on Land". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (2): 335–343. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn247. PMID   18988685.
3. Göker, Markus; Oren, Aharon (2024). "Valid publication of names of two domains and seven kingdoms of prokaryotes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (1): 006242. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006242. ISSN   1466-5034. PMID   38252124.
4. "Kingdom: Thermotogati". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2025-04-02.
5. "Taxonomy browser (Candidatus Bipolaricaulota)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
6. "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
7. "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
8. "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
9. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
10. "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
11. "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
12. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
13. Hao, L; McIlroy, SJ; Kirkegaard, RH; Karst, SM; Fernando, WEY; Aslan, H; Meyer, RL; Albertsen, M; Nielsen, PH; Dueholm, MS (September 2018). "Novel prosthecate bacteria from the candidate phylum Acetothermia". The ISME journal. 12 (9): 2225–2237. doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0187-9. PMC   6092417 . PMID   29884828.