Thermotogati

Thermotogati
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Thermotogati Battistuzzi and Hedges 2024 [1]
Type genus
Thermotoga Stetter and Huber 1986
Phyla
"Acetithermota" "Bipolaricaulota" Deinococcota Synergistota Thermotogota
Synonyms
"DST" "Thermotogae" Battistuzzi and Hedges 2009 [2] "Thermotogida" Luketa 2012 [3]

Thermotogati is a kingdom of bacteria. ^[4] They are united by the presence of an outer sheath-like membrane called a "toga". ^[3]

Phylogeny

The kingdom contains 3 valid and 2 candididate phyla: ^{[5] [6]}

Notes:

• "Acetithermota" phylum as recorded by LPSN contains only one genus, " Candidatus Acetithermum". NCBI considers it a synonym of "Bipolaricaulota" per Hao et al. 2018. ^[7]
• Neither LTP nor GTDB resolves current Thermotogati as a monophyletic group. The smallest group that includes all definitionally included phyla and sister groups are presented. Thermotogati and its now included phyla are shown in bold.
• Phylogenies below the phylum level are available on the pages for these individual phyla.
• The trees are extracted from phylum trees in pages The All-Species Living Tree Project and Branching order of bacterial phyla (Genome Taxonomy Database, 2018). They are subject to the disclaimers on these pages.

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [8] [9] [10]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 10-RS226 [11] [12] [13]

Pseudomonadati "Thermosulfidibacterota" Aquificota "Synergistetes" Caldisericota Synergistota Coprothermobacterota Thermotogota Atribacterota Deltaproteobacteria Thermotomaculales Spirochaetota Firmicutes 3 "FCB" "Melainabacteria" Cyanobacteriota Armatimonadota Chloroflexota Deinococcota Firmicutes 2 "Thermodesulfobiota" Elusimicrobiota Nitrospirota Clostridia Acidobacteriota Chitinivibrionia "Planctobacteria" "Firmicutes" 1 (includes Bacillota and Fusobacteriota) Pseudomonadati

Chloroflexota "Candidate phyla radiation" Deinococcota Actinomycetota Bacillati "Cyanoprokaryota" "Margulisiibacteriota" (incl. "Saganiibacteriota") Cyanobacteriota (incl. "Blackalliibacteriota"; "Melainabacteria"; "Tanganyikabacteria") Thermotogati "Synergistetes" Atribacterota (incl. "Caldatribacteriota") Synergistota (incl. "Aminanaerobiota") "Thermocalda" Dictyoglomerota Thermodesulfobiota Coprothermobacterota "Lithacetigenota" Caldisericota Fusobacteriati "Bipolaricaulota" (incl. "Acetithermota"; "Fraseribacteriota") Thermotogota Pseudomonadati

The proximity of Thermotogota to Synergistota is well-resolved in both trees. GTDB, which includes "Bipolaricaulota", supports its proximity to Deinococcota. However, the two trees do not appear to support the proximity between these two two-phylum groups.

Hao et al. (2018), using a CheckM genome tree constructed out of 43 marker genes, instead finds that "Bipolaricaulota" branches between Thermotogota and Synergistota, with Deinococcota branching relatively far away. ^[14]

See also

• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera

References

1. Thermotogati in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (29 October 2025). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 53: D1–D12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
2. Battistuzzi, F. U.; Hedges, S. B. (1 February 2009). "A Major Clade of Prokaryotes with Ancient Adaptations to Life on Land". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (2): 335–343. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn247. PMID   18988685.
3. Luketa S. New views on the megaclassification of life. Protistology 2012; 7:218–237 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250308890
4. Göker, Markus; Oren, Aharon (2024). "Valid publication of names of two domains and seven kingdoms of prokaryotes" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (1): 006242. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006242 . ISSN   1466-5034. PMID   38252124.
5. Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M. (2020). List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 70, 5607-5612; DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332
6. Schoch CL; et al. "Thermotogati". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-06-05.
7. "Taxonomy browser (Candidatus Bipolaricaulota)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
8. "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
9. "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
10. "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
11. "GTDB release 10-RS226". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 1 May 2025.
12. "bac120_r226.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 1 May 2025.
13. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 1 May 2025.
14. Hao, L; McIlroy, SJ; Kirkegaard, RH; Karst, SM; Fernando, WEY; Aslan, H; Meyer, RL; Albertsen, M; Nielsen, PH; Dueholm, MS (September 2018). "Novel prosthecate bacteria from the candidate phylum Acetothermia". The ISME Journal. 12 (9): 2225–2237. doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0187-9. PMC   6092417 . PMID   29884828.