Fusobacteriota

Last updated

Fusobacteriota
Fusobacterium novum 01.jpg
Fusobacterium novum in liquid culture
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Fusobacteriota
Garrity & Holt 2021 [1]
Class: Fusobacteriia
Staley & Whitman 2012
Order: Fusobacteriales
Staley & Whitman 2012
Families [2]
Synonyms
  • Fusobacteriota:
    • "Fusobacteria" Garrity and Holt 2001
    • "Fusobacteraeota" Oren et al. 2015
    • "Fusobacteriota" Whitman et al. 2018
  • Fusobacteriia:

Fusobacteriota are obligately anaerobic non-sporeforming Gram-negative bacilli. Since the first reports in the late nineteenth century, various names have been applied to these organisms, sometimes with the same name being applied to different species. More recently, not only have there been changes to the nomenclature, but also attempts to differentiate between species which are believed to be either pathogenic or commensal or both. Because of their asaccharolytic nature, and a general paucity of positive results in routine biochemical tests, laboratory identification of the Fusobacteriota has been difficult. However, the application of novel molecular biological techniques to taxonomy has established a number of new species, together with the subspeciation of Fusobacterium necrophorum and F. nucleatum, and provided new methods for identification. The involvement of Fusobacteriota in a wide spectrum of human infections causing tissue necrosis and septicaemia has long been recognised, and, more recently, their importance in intra-amniotic infections, premature labour and tropical ulcers has been reported.

Contents

Since the first reports of Fusobacteriota in the late nineteenth century, the variety of species names has led to some confusion within the genera Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia . However, newer methods of investigation have led to a better understanding of the taxonomy, with the description of several new species of Fusobacteriota. Among the new species described are F. ulcerans from tropical ulcers, and several species from the oral cavity. Subspeciation of the important species F. necrophorum and F. nucleatum has also been possible. It is probable that the taxonomy of the Fusobacteriota may be further developed in the future. [3]

It's the sole phylum in the kingdom Fusobacteriati. [4]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN) [5] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). [6]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [7] [8] [9] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [10] [11] [12]
Haliovirgaceae

Haliovirga Miyazaki et al. 2023

Leptotrichiaceae

Leptotrichia Trevisan 1879

Pseudoleptotrichia Eisenberg et al. 2020

Sebaldella Collins and Shah 1986

Caviibacter Eisenberg et al. 2016

Oceanivirga Eisenberg et al. 2016

Sneathia Collins et al. 2002

Pseudostreptobacillus Eisenberg et al. 2020

Streptobacillus Levaditi, Nicolau & Poincloux 1925

Fusobacteriaceae

Hypnocyclicus Roalkvam et al. 2015

Psychrilyobacter Zhao et al. 2009

Ilyobacter insuetus Brune et al. 2002

Ilyobacter Stieb and Schink 1985

Propionigenium Schink & Pfennig 1983

Cetobacterium Foster et al. 1996

Fusobacterium Knorr 1922

Role in Human Disease

New evidence is emerging that this bacterium may cause or be related to human colon cancer. In 2011 investigators reported the presence of Fusobacteriota in colon cancer tissue (Genome Res 2012; 22:292) and a new multicenter study provides evidence that some cases-particularly right-sided might be caused by infection by Fusobacteriota. [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Fusobacterium</i> Genus of bacteria

Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming bacteria belonging to Gracilicutes. Individual cells are slender, rod-shaped bacilli with pointed ends. Fusobacterium was discovered in 1900 by Courmont and Cade and is common in the flora of humans.

Chrysiogenaceae is a family of bacteria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desulfovibrionales</span> Order of bacteria

Desulfovibrionales are a taxonomic order of bacteria belonging to the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota, with four families. They are Gram-negative. The majority are sulfate-reducing, with the exception of Lawsonia and Bilophila. All members of this order are obligately anaerobic. Most species are mesophilic, but some are moderate thermophiles.

The Desulfuromonadales are an order within the Thermodesulfobacteriota. Various members of the Desulfomonadales are capable of anaerobic respiration utilizing a variety of compounds as electron acceptors, including sulfur, Mn(IV), Fe(III), nitrate, Co(III), Tc(VII), U(VI) and trichloroacetic acid

The Syntrophobacterales are an order of Thermodesulfobacteriota. All genera are strictly anaerobic. Many of the family Syntrophobacteraceae are sulfate-reducing. Some species are motile by using one polar flagellum.

The Deferribacteraceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria which make energy by anaerobic respiration.

<i>Frankia</i> Genus of bacteria

Frankia is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the Rhizobium bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae. Frankia also initiate the forming of root nodules.

Parachlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales. Species in this family have a Chlamydia–like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The Parachlamydiaceae naturally infect amoebae and can be grown in cultured Vero cells. The Parachlamydiaceae are not recognized by monoclonal antibodies that detect Chlamydiaceae lipopolysaccharide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Campylobacterota</span> Phylum of bacteria

Campylobacterota are a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Until the 2021 revision of bacterial taxonomy by the ICSP, the entire phylum was classified within the Proteobacteria as the Epsilonproteobacteria and the Desulfurellales. The separation of this phylum from "Proteobacteria" was originally proposed in 2017, using GTDB-based methods.

The Myxococcota are a phylum of bacteria known as the fruiting gliding bacteria. All species of this group are Gram-negative. They are predominantly aerobic genera that release myxospores in unfavorable environments.

In the taxonomy of microorganisms, the Methanomicrobiales are an order of the Methanomicrobia. Methanomicrobiales are strictly carbon dioxide reducing methanogens, using hydrogen or formate as the reducing agent. As seen from the phylogenetic tree based on 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project the family Methanomicrobiaceae is highly polyphyletic within the Methanomicrobiales.

In taxonomy, the Methanocaldococcaceae are a family of microbes within the order Methanococcales. It contains two genera, the type genus Methanocaldococcus and Methanotorris. These species are coccoid in form, neutrophilic to slightly acidophilic, and predominantly motile, and they have a very short generation period, from 25 to 45 minutes under optimal conditions. They produce energy exclusively through the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. Some species have been found in marine hydrothermal vents.

In taxonomy, the Methanococcaceae are a family of the Methanococcales. These organisms produce methane from formate or through the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. They live in marshes and other coastal areas. Members of the genus Methanothermococcus have been found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

<i>Haloarcula</i> Genus of archaea

Haloarcula is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria.

The phylum Elusimicrobiota, previously known as "Termite Group 1", has been shown to be widespread in different ecosystems like marine environment, sewage sludge, contaminated sites and soils, and toxic wastes. The high abundance of Elusimicrobiota representatives is only seen for the lineage of symbionts found in termites and ants.

Armatimonadota is a phylum of gram-negative bacteria.

Planomonospora is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

The Rhodothermales are an order of bacteria.

Balneolales is an order of bacteria.

Bdellovibrionota is a phylum of bacteria.

References

  1. Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005056 . PMID   34694987.
  2. "Fusobacteriales". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  3. Bennett, K. W.; Eley, A. (1 October 1993). "Fusobacteria: New taxonomy and related diseases". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 39 (4): 246–254. doi: 10.1099/00222615-39-4-246 . PMID   8411084.
  4. Göker, Markus; Oren, Aharon (22 January 2024). "Valid publication of names of two domains and seven kingdoms of prokaryotes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (1). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006242.
  5. J.P. Euzéby. "Fusobacteria". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  6. Sayers; et al. "Fusobacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  7. "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  10. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  13. Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Sicinska E, Clancy TE, Zhang X, Cai D, Neuberg D, Huang K, Guevara F, Nelson T, Chipashvili O, Hagan T, Walker M, Ramachandran A, Diosdado B, Serna G, Mulet N, Landolfi S, Ramon y Cajal S, Fasani R, Aguirre AJ, Ng K, Élez E, Ogino S, Tabernero J, Fuchs CS, Hahn WC, Nuciforo P, Meyerson M. (2017). "Analysis of Fusobacterium persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer". Science. 358 (6369): 1443–1448. Bibcode:2017Sci...358.1443B. doi:10.1126/science.aal5240. PMC   5823247 . PMID   29170280.