Modulibacteria

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Modulibacteria
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Pseudomonadati
Phylum: Moduliflexota
corrig. Sekiguchi et al. 2015
Class [1]
  • "Moduliflexia"
Synonyms
  • "Modulibacteria" (sic) Sekiguchi et al. 2015

Modulibacteria(Moduliflexota) is a bacterial phylum formerly known as KS3B3 or GN06. It is a candidate phylum, meaning there are no cultured representatives of this group. Members of the Modulibacteria phylum are known to cause fatal filament overgrowth (bulking) in high-rate industrial anaerobic wastewater treatment bioreactors. [2] [3]

Contents

The Modulibacteria phylum was first proposed in 2006 by two independent research groups based on analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences. One group recovered Modulibacteria sequences from the a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and used the provisional name GN06 for the novel phylum, [4] while the other recovered sequences from sulfur-rich black mud marine sediments (CA, USA) and used the provisional name KSB3. [5]

The first genomic insights into the phylum were achieved in 2015, at which time the name "Modulibacteria" was proposed. [6] Two genomes were recovered from methanogenic sludge samples of a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating a high-strength organic wastewater discharged from a food-processing factory.

Through a combination of genome-based metabolic reconstruction and microscopic observation, it was determined that the two studied Modulibacteria species (Moduliflexus flocculans and Vecturithrix granuli) produce filamentous structures and are Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic fermenters capable of non-flagellar based gliding motility. Both have an unusually large number of sensory and response regulator genes compared to other bacteria. [6]

Members of the Modulibacteria phylum have been detected in a variety of environments in addition to bioreactors and hypersaline mats, such as wetland sediments (FJ516883.1), the dolphin mouth, [7] [8] and a tubeworm from a coldseep (FM165273).

Taxonomy

The following taxonomy was proposed by Sekiguchi et al. 2015 [6] [1] [9] and phylogeny by GTDB 08-RS214 [10] [11] [12]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 A.C. Parte; et al. "Moduliflexota". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  2. ↑ Yamada, Takeshi; Yamauchi, Toshihiro; Shiraishi, Koji; Hugenholtz, Philip; Ohashi, Akiyoshi; Harada, Hideki; Kamagata, Yoichi; Nakamura, Kazunori; Sekiguchi, Yuji (2007-05-31). "Characterization of filamentous bacteria, belonging to candidate phylum KSB3, that are associated with bulking in methanogenic granular sludges". The ISME Journal. 1 (3): 246–255. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.28 . ISSN   1751-7362. PMID   18043635. S2CID   5077407.
  3. ↑ Yamada, Takeshi; Kikuchi, Kae; Yamauchi, Toshihiro; Shiraishi, Koji; Ito, Tsukasa; Okabe, Satoshi; Hiraishi, Akira; Ohashi, Akiyoshi; Harada, Hideki; Kamagata, Yoichi; Nakamura, Kazunori (2011-01-21). "Ecophysiology of Uncultured Filamentous Anaerobes Belonging to the Phylum KSB3 That Cause Bulking in Methanogenic Granular Sludge". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (6): 2081–2087. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.2081Y. doi:10.1128/aem.02475-10. ISSN   0099-2240. PMC   3067334 . PMID   21257808.
  4. ↑ Ley, Ruth E.; Harris, J. Kirk; Wilcox, Joshua; Spear, John R.; Miller, Scott R.; Bebout, Brad M.; Maresca, Julia A.; Bryant, Donald A.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Pace, Norman R. (2006-05-01). "Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (5): 3685–3695. Bibcode:2006ApEnM..72.3685L. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006. ISSN   0099-2240. PMC   1472358 . PMID   16672518.
  5. ↑ Tanner, Michael (2006). "Complex Microbial Communities Inhabiting Sulfide-rich Black Mud from Marine Coastal Environments". Biotechnology et Alia. 8: 1–16.
  6. 1 2 3 Sekiguchi, Yuji; Ohashi, Akiko; Parks, Donovan H.; Yamauchi, Toshihiro; Tyson, Gene W.; Hugenholtz, Philip (2015-01-27). "First genomic insights into members of a candidate bacterial phylum responsible for wastewater bulking". PeerJ. 3: e740. doi: 10.7717/peerj.740 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   4312070 . PMID   25650158.
  7. ↑ Bik, Elisabeth M.; Costello, Elizabeth K.; Switzer, Alexandra D.; Callahan, Benjamin J.; Holmes, Susan P.; Wells, Randall S.; Carlin, Kevin P.; Jensen, Eric D.; Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Relman, David A. (2016-02-03). "Marine mammals harbor unique microbiotas shaped by and yet distinct from the sea". Nature Communications. 7 (1): 10516. Bibcode:2016NatCo...710516B. doi:10.1038/ncomms10516. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   4742810 . PMID   26839246.
  8. ↑ Dudek, Natasha K.; Sun, Christine L.; Burstein, David; Kantor, Rose S.; Aliaga Goltsman, Daniela S.; Bik, Elisabeth M.; Thomas, Brian C.; Banfield, Jillian F.; Relman, David A. (2017-12-18). "Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome". Current Biology. 27 (24): 3752–3762.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040 . ISSN   1879-0445. PMID   29153320.
  9. ↑ C.L. Schoch; et al. "Moduliflexota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  10. ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  13. ↑ Sayers. "Moduliflexus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  14. ↑ Sayers. "Vecturithrix". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
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