Streptobacillus

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Streptobacillus
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Streptobacillus
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Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Fusobacteriota
Class: Fusobacteriia
Order: Fusobacteriales
Family: Leptotrichiaceae
Genus: Streptobacillus
Levaditi, Nicolau & Poincloux 1925
Type species
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Levaditi, Nicolau & Poincloux 1925
Species [1]
Synonyms
  • "Bactepneumonia" Tulasne & Brisou 1955
  • "Haverhillia" Parker & Hudson 1926
  • PseudostreptobacillusEisenberg et al. 2020

Streptobacillus is a genus of fastidious microaerophilic Gram-negative bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains. [2]

Contents

Their species associated with infection is S. moniliformis.

Their reported susceptibilities and therapies are penicillin and erythromycin.

Diseases

Associated infections: the Haverhill fever form of rat bite fever. (Notes Spirillum minus is also an agent of rat bite fever, in the form known as Sodoku.)

Haverhill fever, which is characterized by fever, rash, chills, headache, vomiting, muscle pain, arthritis, and bacteremia, and by weight loss and diarrhea in children.

Commentary

Rat bite fever is caused by either Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minor . The incidence of rat-bite fever is highest in urban areas with poor sanitation where the rat population is high, however in recent times cases have also been attributed to occupational contact with rodents such as pet shop employees or laboratory workers or through pet ownership. [3]

While the disease is usually caused by a bite, it can also occur from close contact with rodents or ingestion of contaminated food or water. The latter is known as Haverhill fever. The disease typically presents with chills and fever accompanied by headache, vomiting, and muscle pain. A rash and arthritis develop 2–4 days after the initial onset. Less commonly the infection can cause pneumonitis, endocarditis or meningitis. As these symptoms are common to many febrile diseases, this is often classified as a fever of unknown origin (FUO). If untreated, death will occur in approximately 10% of cases. [4]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [5] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [1]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [6] [7] [8] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [9] [10] [11]

Pseudostreptobacillus hongkongensis (Woo et al. 2014) Eisenberg et al. 2020

Streptobacillus

S. felis

S. moniliformis

S. notomytis

S. canis

S. ratti

Streptobacillus

S. hongkongensisWoo et al. 2014

S. felisEisenberg et al. 2015

S. canisEisenberg et al. 2020

S. moniliformis Levaditi, Nicolau & Poincloux 1925

S. notomytisEisenberg et al. 2015

S. rattiEisenberg et al. 2015

See also

Related Research Articles

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The Spirochaetales are an order of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this order are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses.

Rat-bite fever (RBF) is an acute, febrile human illness caused by bacteria transmitted by rodents, in most cases, which is passed from rodent to human by the rodent's urine or mucous secretions. Alternative names for rat-bite fever include streptobacillary fever, streptobacillosis, spirillary fever, bogger, and epidemic arthritic erythema. It is a rare disease spread by infected rodents and caused by two specific types of bacteria:

  1. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only reported bacteria that causes RBF in North America
  2. Spirillum minus, common in Asia. Most cases occur in Japan, but specific strains of the disease are present in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Africa.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haverhill fever</span> Medical condition

Haverhill fever is a systemic illness caused by the bacterium Streptobacillus moniliformis, an organism common in rats and mice. If untreated, the illness can have a mortality rate of up to 13%. Among the two types of rat-bite fever, Haverhill fever caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis is most common in North America. The other type of infection caused by Spirillum minus is more common in Asia and is also known as Sodoku.

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<i>Streptobacillus moniliformis</i> Species of bacterium

Streptobacillus moniliformis is a non-motile, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is a member of the family Leptotrichiaceae. The genome of S. moniliformis is one of two completed sequences of the order Fusobacteriales.

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References

  1. 1 2 Sayers, et al. "Streptobacillus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  2. ↑ Procop, Gary W. (2017). Koneman's color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. Church, Deirdre L., 1955-, Hall, Geraldine S.,, Janda, William M., 1951-, Koneman, Elmer W., 1932-, Schreckenberger, Paul,, Woods, Gail L. (Seventh ed.). Philadelphia. ISBN   978-1-4511-1659-5. OCLC   876002916.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ↑ Papanicolas LE, Holds JM, Bak N (20 February 2012). "Lessons from practice - Meningitis and pneumonitis caused by pet rodents". The Medical Journal of Australia. 196 (3): 202–203. doi:10.5694/mja11.10841. PMID   22339528. S2CID   28761645.
  4. ↑ Elliott SP (11 January 2007). "Rat Bite Fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 20 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1128/CMR.00016-06. PMC   1797630 . PMID   17223620.
  5. ↑ J.P. Euzéby. "Streptobacillus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  6. ↑ "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  7. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ↑ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  10. ↑ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
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