Ureaplasma is a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae. As the name implies, Ureaplasma is urease positive.
The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Bacillota, including Clostridium and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the Bacilli by lacking aerobic respiration. They are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the class Clostridia are often but not always Gram-positive and have the ability to form spores. Studies show they are not a monophyletic group, and their relationships are not entirely certain. Currently, most are placed in a single order called Clostridiales, but this is not a natural group and is likely to be redefined in the future.
The Spirochaetales are an order of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this order are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses.
The Leptospiraceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. It includes the genus Leptospira which contains some pathogenic species.
Rat-bite fever (RBF) is an acute, febrile human illness caused by bacteria transmitted by rodents, in most cases, which is passed from rodent to human by the rodent's urine or mucous secretions. Alternative names for rat-bite fever include streptobacillary fever, streptobacillosis, spirillary fever, bogger, and epidemic arthritic erythema. It is a rare disease spread by infected rodents and caused by two specific types of bacteria:
- Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only reported bacteria that causes RBF in North America
- Spirillum minus, common in Asia. Most cases occur in Japan, but specific strains of the disease are present in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Africa.
Anaeroplasmatales is an order of mollicute bacteria which are generally found in the rumens of cattle and sheep. The only family in the order is the family Anaeroplasmataceae.
Sodoku is a bacterial zoonotic disease. It is caused by the Gram-negative rod Spirillum minus. It is a form of rat-bite fever (RBF).
Rubrobacter is a genus of Actinomycetota. It is radiotolerant and may rival Deinococcus radiodurans in this regard.
The Thermoactinomycetaceae are a family of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria.
The Halanaerobiales are an order of bacteria placed within the class Clostridia, and encompassing two families, the Halanaerobiaceae and the Halobacteroidaceae. Originally placed within the highly polyphyletic class Clostridia, according to the NCBI and LPSN, it is now thought to lie outside the Bacillota. Halanaerobiales are halophilic obligate anaerobes with a fermentative or homoacetogenic metabolism.
The Chlamydiaceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the phylum Chlamydiota, order Chlamydiales. Chlamydiaceae species express the family-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope αKdo-(2→8)-αKdo-(2→4)-αKdo. Chlamydiaceae ribosomal RNA genes all have at least 90% DNA sequence identity. Chlamydiaceae species have varying inclusion morphology, varying extrachromosomal plasmid content, and varying sulfadiazine resistance.
The Spirochaetaceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this family are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses.
Haverhill fever is a systemic illness caused by the bacterium Streptobacillus moniliformis, an organism common in rats and mice. If untreated, the illness can have a mortality rate of up to 13%. Among the two types of rat-bite fever, Haverhill fever caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis is most common in North America. The other type of infection caused by Spirillum minus is more common in Asia and is also known as Sodoku.
Spirillum minus is an organism associated with rat-bite fever that has never been fully identified and was assigned to the genus Spirillum in 1887 based on morphology, although it is not a validly published name. As Spirillum species generally obligately microaerophiles and are not found in mammals, this organism may be misclassified. Sequencing data should help to resolve this question.
Streptobacillus moniliformis is a non-motile, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is a member of the family Leptotrichiaceae. The genome of S. moniliformis is one of two completed sequences of the order Fusobacteriales.
The Nautiliaceae are a family of bacteria placed in an order to itself, Nautiliales, or in the order Campylobacterales. The members of the family are all thermophilic.
Desulfosarcina is a Gram-negative and strictly anaerobic bacteria genus from the family of Desulfosarcinaceae.
Nocardioidaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria within the class Actinomycetia.
The Propionibacteriales are an order of bacteria.
The Micrococcales are an order of bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota.
