Augarchaeota

"Augarchaeota" Temporal range: Mesoproterozoic–Present [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Thermoproteati
Phylum:	"Augarchaeota" corrig. Nunoura et al. 2011
Order
"Caldarchaeales"
Synonyms
"Aigarchaeota" Nunoura et al. 2011 "Aigarchaeales" "Caldiarchaeales" Cavalier-Smith 2014

"Augarchaeota" (previously "Aigarchaeota" ^[2] ) is an archaeal phylum of which the main representative is "Candidatus Caldiarchaeum subterraneum". ^[3] It is not yet clear if this represents a new phylum or a Nitrososphaeria class, since the genome of " Ca. Caldiarchaeum subterraneum" encodes several Nitrososphaeria-like features. ^[4] The name "Aigarchaeota" comes from the Greek αυγή, avgí, meaning "dawn" or "aurora", for the intermediate features of hyperthermophilic and mesophilic life during the evolution of its lineage. ^[3] The prefix Aig was found to be a misspelling, and corrected to Aug, thereby the new name "Augarchaeota". ^[5]

Taxonomy

Phylogeny of Caldarchaeales [6] [7] [8]

"Calditenuaceae" "Ca. Calditenuis aerorheumatis" "Caldarchaeaceae" "Ca. Caldarchaeum subterraneum" "Ca. Pelearchaeum maunauluense" "Wolframiiraptoraceae" "Ca.  Terraquivivens" "Ca. T. ruidianensis" "Ca. T. tikiterensis" "Ca. T. tengchongensis" "Ca. T. yellowstonensis" "Ca.  Geocrenenecus" "Ca. G. dongiae" "Ca. G. arthurdayi" "Ca. G. huangii" "Ca. Benthortus lauensis" "Ca.  Wolframiiraptor" "Ca. W. sinensis" "Ca. W. allenii" "Ca. W. gerlachensis"

• Order"Caldarchaeales"corrig. Rinke et al. 2020 ^[9] ["Aigarchaeales"]
  • Family "Calditenuaceae"Balbay et al. 2023
    • Genus "Candidatus Calditenuis" Beam et al. 2016
      • "Ca. C. aerorheumatis" corrig. Beam et al. 2016
      • "Ca. C. fumarioli" Balbay et al. 2023
  • Family "Caldarchaeaceae"Rinke et al. 2020
    • Genus "Candidatus Caldarchaeum" corrig. Nunoura et al. 2011 ^{[10] [11]}
      • "Ca. C. subterraneum" corrig. Nunoura et al. 2011
    • Genus "Candidatus Pelearchaeum" Balbay et al. 2023
      • "Ca. P. maunauluense" Balbay et al. 2023
  • Family "Wolframiiraptoraceae"Buessecker et al. 2022
    • Genus "Candidatus Benthortus" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. B. lauensis" Buessecker et al. 2022
    • Genus "Candidatus Geocrenenecus" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. G. arthurdayi" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. G. dongiae" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. G. huangii" Buessecker et al. 2022
    • Genus "Candidatus Terraquivivens" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. T. ruidianensis" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. T. tengchongensis" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. T. tikiterensis" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. T. yellowstonensis" Buessecker et al. 2022
    • Genus "Candidatus Wolframiiraptor" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. W. allenii" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. W. gerlachensis" Buessecker et al. 2022
      • "Ca. W. sinensis" Buessecker et al. 2022

See also

• List of Archaea genera

References

1. Zhang, Jiawei; Feng, Xiaoyuan; Li, Meng; Liu, Yang; Liu, Min; Hou, Li-Jun; Dong, Hong-Po (2025-05-07). "Deep origin of eukaryotes outside Heimdallarchaeia within Asgardarchaeota". Nature. 642 (8069): 990–998. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08955-7 . ISSN   1476-4687. PMC   12222021 . PMID   40335687.
2. Brochier-Armanet, Celine; Forterre, Patrick; Gribaldo, Simonetta (2011-06-01). "Phylogeny and evolution of the Archaea: one hundred genomes later" . Current Opinion in Microbiology. Ecology and industrial microbiology / Special section: Archaea. 14 (3): 274–281. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.015. ISSN   1369-5274.
3. Nunoura, T; Takaki, Y; Kakuta, J; Nishi, S; Sugahara, J; Kazama, H; Chee, GJ; Hattori, M; Kanai, A; Atomi, H; Takai, K; Takami, H (April 2011). "Insights into the evolution of Archaea and eukaryotic protein modifier systems revealed by the genome of a novel archaeal group". Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (8): 3204–23. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1228. PMC   3082918 . PMID   21169198..
4. Brochier-Armanet, Celine; Forterre, Patrick; Gribaldo, Simonetta (June 2011). "Phylogeny and evolution of the Archaea: One hundred genomes later". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 14 (3): 274–281. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.015. PMID   21632276..
5. Göker, Markus; Oren, Aharon (2024). "Valid publication of names of two domains and seven kingdoms of prokaryotes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (1): 006242. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006242 . ISSN   1466-5034. PMID   38252124.
6. "GTDB release 10-RS226". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 16 April 2025.
7. "ar53_r226.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 16 April 2025.
8. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 16 April 2025.
9. (2020) Christian Rinke, Maria Chuvochina, Aaron J. Mussig, Pierre-Alain Chaumeil, Adrian A. Davin, David W. Waite, William B Whitman, Donovan H. Parks, Philip Hugenholtz, Resolving widespread incomplete and uneven archaeal classifications based on a rank-normalized genome-based taxonomy
10. Sayers; et al. "Thaumarchaeota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
11. "GTDB release 06-RS202". Genome Taxonomy Database .

Further reading

• Martijan, Joran; Ettema, Thijs J. G. (February 2013). "From archaeon to eukaryote: the evolutionary dark ages of the eukaryotic cell". Biochemical Society Transactions. 41 (Part 1): 451–457. doi:10.1042/BST20120292. PMID   23356327.
• Meng, Jun; Xu, Jun; Qin, Dan; He, Ying; Xiao, Xiang; Wang, Fengping (March 2014). "Genetic and functional properties of uncultivated MCG archaea assessed by metagenome and gene expression analyses". The ISME Journal. 8 (3): 650–659. doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.174. PMC   3930316 . PMID   24108328.
• Yutin, Natalya; Koonin, Eugene V. (April 2014). "The Dispersed Archaeal Eukaryome and the Complex Archaeal Ancestor of Eukaryotes". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (4): a016188. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016188. PMC   3970416 . PMID   24691961.