Chloroflexales

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Chloroflexales
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Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Chloroflexota
Class: Chloroflexia
Order: Chloroflexales
Gupta et al. 2013
Families

Chloroflexales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia. [1] The clade is also known as filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (FAP), [2] as the order contains phototrophs that do not produce oxygen. These bacteria are facultative aerobic. [3] They generally use chemotrophy when oxygen is present and switch to light-derived energy when otherwise. Most species are heterotrophs, but a few are capable of photoautotrophy. [2]

Contents

The order can be divided into two suborders. Chloroflexineae ("Green FAP", "green non-sulfur bacteria") is the better-known one. This suborder uses chlorosomes, a specialized antenna complex, to pass light energy to the reaction center. Roseiflexineae ("Red FAP") on the other hand has no such ability. The named colors are not absolute, as growth conditions such as oxygen concentration will make a green FAP appear green, brown, or reddish-orange by inducing changes in pigment composition. [2]

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [4] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). [5]

Phylogeny

16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022 [6] [7] [8] 120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [9] [10] [11]
Herpetosiphonales
Herpetosiphonaceae

Herpetosiphon

Chloroflexales
Roseiflexaceae

Roseiflexus

Chloroflexaceae

Heliothrix

Oscillochloris

Chloroflexus

Chloroflexales
Herpetosiphonaceae

Herpetosiphon

Roseiflexaceae

" Kouleothrix "

Roseiflexus

Chloroflexaceae

Chloroflexus

Oscillochloris

"Ca. Chloroploca"

"Ca. Viridilinea"

See also

Related Research Articles

The Chloroflexia are a class of bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexota. Chloroflexia are typically filamentous, and can move about through bacterial gliding. It is named after the order Chloroflexales.

The Thermoprotei is a class of the Thermoproteota.

Heliobacteria are a unique subset of prokaryotic bacteria that process light for energy. Distinguishable from other phototrophic bacteria, they utilize a unique photosynthetic pigment, bacteriochlorophyll g and are the only known Gram-positive phototroph. They are a key player in symbiotic nitrogen fixation alongside plants, and use a type I reaction center like green-sulfur bacteria.

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Acidilobales are an order of archaea in the class Thermoprotei.

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The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis ; and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics as electron acceptors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acidimicrobiia</span> Class of bacteria

The Acidimicrobiia are a class of Actinomycetota, in which three families, eight genera, and nine species have been described, Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans is the type species of the order.

Heliorestis is an alkaliphilic genus of bacteria from the family of Heliobacteriaceae.

Phycisphaeraceae is a family of bacteria.

Haloferacales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Haloferax.

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Planctomycetaceae is a family of bacteria.

Gemmataceae is a family of bacteria.

Pirellulales is an order of bacteria.

Lacipirellulaceae is a family of bacteria.

The Pirellulaceae are a family of bacteria.

References

  1. Garrity, George M. (2001). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. pp.  427–446. ISBN   978-0-387-21609-6.
  2. 1 2 3 Thweatt, Jennifer L.; Canniffe, Daniel P.; Bryant, Donald A. (2019). "Biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls in green bacteria". Advances in Botanical Research. 90: 35–89. doi:10.1016/bs.abr.2019.03.002.
  3. Gupta RS, Chander P, George S (2013). "Phylogenetic framework and molecular signatures for the class Chloroflexia and its different clades; proposal for division of the class Chloroflexia class. nov. [corrected] into the suborder Chloroflexineae subord. nov., consisting of the emended family Oscillochloridaceae and the family Chloroflexaceae fam. nov., and the suborder Roseiflexineae subord. nov., containing the family Roseiflexaceae fam. nov". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (1): 99–119. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9790-3. PMID   22903492.
  4. J.P. Euzéby. "Chloroflexales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  5. Sayers; et al. "Chloroflexales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  6. "The LTP" . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  7. "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  8. "LTP_06_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  9. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  10. "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.