Natrialba

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Natrialba
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Euryarchaeota
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class:
Halobacteria
Order:
Natrialbales
Family:
Natrialbaceae
Genus:
Natrialba

Kamekura and Dyall-Smith 1996 [1]
Type species
Natrialba asiatica
Kamekura & Dyall-Smith 1996
Species

In taxonomy, Natrialba is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. [4] The genus consists of many diverse species that can survive extreme environmental niches, especially they are capable to live in the waters saturated or nearly saturated with salt (halophiles). [5] [6] They have certain adaptations to live within their salty environments. For example, their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the cell to keep its water molecules around these components. The osmotic pressure and these amino acids help to control the amount of salt within the cell. [7]

Contents

For instance, N. magadii is an aerobic chemoorganotrophic, dual extremophile requiring alkaline conditions and hypersalinity for optimal growth. Those harsh conditions resulted in changed composition of charged amino acids in the proteins (average isoelectric point is only 4.64, whereas other organisms average is 6.5) with almost all proteins being highly acidic. [8] The genome of N. magadii consists of four replicons with a total sequence of 4,443,643 bp and encodes 4,212 putative proteins. The genome analysis identified multiple genes coding putative proteins involved in adaptation to hypersalinity, stress response, glycosylation, and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Additionally, proton-driven ATP synthase and a variety of putative cytochromes and other proteins required for aerobic respiration and electron transfer had been found. The genome encodes a number of putative proteases/peptidases. [9]

Their resistance to salt allows for the use of some members of the genus in biotechnological processes. [10]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [11] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). [4]

16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022 [12] [13] [14] 53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 [15] [16] [17]
Natrialba

N. swarupiae Kajale et al. 2020

Natrarchaeobius chitinivorans

N. asiatica

N. aegyptia

N. taiwanensis

Natronorubrum  2

N. texcoconense Ruiz-Romero et al. 2013

N. tibetense Xu et al. 1999

N. chahannaoensis

N. hulunbeirensis

N. magadii

Natrialba

N. magadii (Tindall et al. 1984) Kamekura et al. 1997

N. chahannaoensis Xu et al. 2001

N. hulunbeirensis Xu et al. 2001

N. asiatica Kamekura & Dyall-Smith 1996

N. aegyptia corrig. Hezayen et al. 2001

N. taiwanensis Hezayen et al. 2001

See also

Related Research Articles

Halobacteriaceae is a family in the order Halobacteriales and the domain Archaea. Halobacteriaceae represent a large part of halophilic Archaea, along with members in two other methanogenic families, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocalculaceae. The family consists of many diverse genera that can survive extreme environmental niches. Most commonly, Halobacteriaceae are found in hypersaline lakes and can even tolerate sites polluted by heavy metals. They include neutrophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and there have even been psychrotolerant species discovered. Some members have been known to live aerobically, as well as anaerobically, and they come in many different morphologies. These diverse morphologies include rods in genus Halobacterium, cocci in Halococcus, flattened discs or cups in Haloferax, and other shapes ranging from flattened triangles in Haloarcula to squares in Haloquadratum, and Natronorubrum. Most species of Halobacteriaceae are best known for their high salt tolerance and red-pink pigmented members, but there are also non-pigmented species and those that require moderate salt conditions. Some species of Halobacteriaceae have been shown to exhibit phosphorus solubilizing activities that contribute to phosphorus cycling in hypersaline environments. Techniques such as 16S rRNA analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization have been major contributors to taxonomic classification in Halobacteriaceae, partly due to the difficulty in culturing halophilic Archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halobacteriales</span> Order of archaea

Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.

Halalkalicoccus is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.

<i>Haloarcula</i> Genus of archaea

Haloarcula is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria.

Halobaculum is a genus of the Halorubraceae.

Halobiforma is a genus of halophilic archaea of the family Natrialbaceae.

<i>Haloferax</i> Genus of archaea

In taxonomy, Haloferax is a genus of the Haloferacaceae.

In taxonomy, Halogeometricum is a genus of the Haloferacaceae.

Halopiger is a genus of archaeans in the family Natrialbaceae that have high tolerance to salinity.

Halorhabdus is a genus of halophilic archaea in the Haloarculaceae. With an extremely high salinity optimum of 27% NaCl, Halorhabdus has one of the highest reported salinity optima of any living organism.

Halorubrum is a genus in the family Halorubraceae. Halorubrum species are usually halophilic and can be found in waters with high salt concentration such as the Dead Sea or Lake Zabuye.

In taxonomy, Halosimplex is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.

Haloterrigena is a genus of the Natrialbaceae.

In taxonomy, Halovivax is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. Some species of Halovivax are halophiles and have been found in Iran's Aran-Bidgol hypersaline lake.

Natrinema is a genus of the Natrialbaceae.

In taxonomy, Natronococcus is a genus of the Natrialbaceae.

Natronomonas is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.

Natronorubrum is a genus in the family Halobacteriaceae.

Natrialbales is an order of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic archaea within the class Haloarchaea. The type genus of this order is Natrialba.

Halorubraceae is a family of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the order Haloferacales. The type genus of this family is Halorubrum. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Haloferacales.

References

  1. ↑ Kamekura, M.; Seno, Y.; Dyall-Smith, M. (1996-05-23). "Halolysin R4, a serine proteinase from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei; gene cloning, expression and structural studies". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 1294 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(96)00016-7. ISSN   0006-3002. PMID   8645734.
  2. ↑ Hezayen, F F; Rehm, B H; Tindall, B J; Steinbüchel, A (2001). "Transfer of Natrialba asiatica B1T to Natrialba taiwanensis sp. nov. and description of Natrialba aegyptiaca sp. nov., a novel extremely halophilic, aerobic, non-pigmented member of the Archaea from Egypt that produces extracellular poly(glutamic acid)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 51 (3): 1133–1142. doi: 10.1099/00207713-51-3-1133 . PMID   11411682.
  3. ↑ Xu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Xue, Y.; Zhou, P.; Ma, Y.; Ventosa, A.; Grant, W. D. (September 2001). "Natrialba hulunbeirensis sp. nov. and Natrialba chahannaoensis sp. nov., novel haloalkaliphilic archaea from soda lakes in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 51 (Pt 5): 1693–1698. doi: 10.1099/00207713-51-5-1693 . ISSN   1466-5026. PMID   11594597.
  4. 1 2 Sayers; et al. "Natrialba". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  5. ↑ KAMEKURA, MASAHIRO; DYALL-SMITH, MICHAEL L. (1995). "Taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae and the description of two newgenera Halorubrobacterium and Natrialba". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 41 (4): 333–350. doi: 10.2323/jgam.41.333 . ISSN   0022-1260.
  6. ↑ Kamekura, M.; Dyall-Smith, M. L.; Upasani, V.; Ventosa, A.; Kates, M. (July 1997). "Diversity of alkaliphilic halobacteria: proposals for transfer of Natronobacterium vacuolatum, Natronobacterium magadii, and Natronobacterium pharaonis to Halorubrum, Natrialba, and Natronomonas gen. nov., respectively, as Halorubrum vacuolatum comb. nov., Natrialba magadii comb. nov., and Natronomonas pharaonis comb. nov., respectively". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 47 (3): 853–857. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-3-853 . ISSN   0020-7713. PMID   9226918.
  7. ↑ Reed, Christopher J.; Lewis, Hunter; Trejo, Eric; Winston, Vern; Evilia, Caryn (2013). "Protein Adaptations in Archaeal Extremophiles". Archaea. 2013: 373275. doi: 10.1155/2013/373275 . ISSN   1472-3646. PMC   3787623 . PMID   24151449.
  8. ↑ Kozlowski, Lukasz P. (2017-01-04). "Proteome-pI: proteome isoelectric point database". Nucleic Acids Research. 45 (D1): D1112–D1116. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw978. PMC   5210655 . PMID   27789699.
  9. ↑ Siddaramappa, Shivakumara; Challacombe, Jean F.; Decastro, Rosana E.; Pfeiffer, Friedhelm; Sastre, Diego E.; Giménez, María I.; Paggi, Roberto A.; Detter, John C.; Davenport, Karen W. (2012-05-04). "A comparative genomics perspective on the genetic content of the alkaliphilic haloarchaeon Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099T". BMC Genomics. 13: 165. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-165 . PMC   3403918 . PMID   22559199.
  10. ↑ Kebbouche-Gana, Salima; Gana, Mohamed Lamine; Ferrioune, Imen; Khemili, Souad; Lenchi, Nesrine; Akmouci-Toumi, Sihem; Bouanane-Darenfed, Nabila Amel; Djelali, Nacer-Eddine (2013-11-01). "Production of biosurfactant on crude date syrup under saline conditions by entrapped cells of Natrialba sp. strain E21, an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern (Ain Salah, Algeria)". Extremophiles. 17 (6): 981–993. doi:10.1007/s00792-013-0580-2. ISSN   1431-0651. PMID   24061687. S2CID   15583238.
  11. ↑ J.P. Euzéby. "Natrialba". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  12. ↑ "The LTP" . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  13. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  14. ↑ "LTP_06_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  15. ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  16. ↑ "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  17. ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.

Further reading

Scientific journals

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