A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura. This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs. The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the most widespread and well known.
Nectophrynoides is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. They are endemic to Eastern Arc forests and wetlands in Tanzania, and all except N. tornieri are threatened. Species of the genus are ovoviviparous: fertilization is internal, and the females give birth to fully developed, small toadlets. Together with the West Africa Nimbaphrynoides and Limnonectes larvaepartus, they are the only frogs/toads in the world that do not lay eggs. The Ethiopian Altiphrynoides, which lay eggs, were also part of Nectophrynoides in the past.
The Kihansi spray toad is a small toad endemic to Tanzania. The species is live-bearing and insectivorous. The Kihansi spray toad is currently categorized as "Extinct in the wild" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), though the species persists in ex situ, captive breeding populations.
Nectophrynoides poyntoni is a species of toads endemic to Tanzania. It is listed as a critical endangered species due to a restricted range caused by habitat loss.
Nectophrynoides wendyae, also known as the Uzungwe Scarp tree toad or Wendy's forest toad, is a terrestrial toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and is only known from a single valley in the Udzungwa Mountains. The specific name wendyae honours Wendy Clarke, the describer's wife.
Altiphrynoides is a genus of toads, commonly referred to as Ethiopian toads. They are restricted to highlands of south-central Ethiopia in the Arussi, Bale, and Sidamo Provinces. Both species are threatened by habitat loss. They were formerly included in Nectophrynoides, but lack the unusual reproductive mode of those species. Conversely, some authorities treat Altiphrynoides as a monotypic genus for A. malcolmi, placing A. osgoodi in another monotypic genus, Spinophrynoides.
Nectophrynoides frontierei is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.
Nectophrynoides laevis, the smooth forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.
Nectophrynoides minutus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Nectophrynoides tornieri, Tornier's forest toad or kijula, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. This species was first described by Jean Roux in 1906 and was named in honour of the German zoologist Gustav Tornier.
Nectophrynoides vestergaardi, also known as the Vestergaard's forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. It is named in honour of Martin Vestergaard, the Danish biologist who was the first to recognize that the population now described as Nectophrynoides vestergaardi was a new species.
Nectophrynoides viviparus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Common names robust forest toad and Morogoro tree toad have been coined for it.
The white-chinned swift is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Nectophrynoides laticeps is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Ukaguru Mountains of Tanzania. This toad can be distinguished from the other known species of the genus by a combination of morphological characters, and has an advertisement call different from all other recorded calls of Nectophrynoides. The dorsal and ventral coloration is variable with a pink tinge. It is ovoviviparous - the eggs remain within the mother's body until they hatch.
Nimbaphrynoides is a monotypic genus of true toads from highlands in the Mount Nimba region of the West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire. The sole species is Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis. Along with Nectophrynoides, Eleutherodactylus jasperi, and Limnonectes larvaepartus, Nimbaphrynoides are the only frogs/toads that do not lay eggs.
Paradoxoglanis cryptus is a species of electric catfish endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it occurs in the Kagala River. This species grows to a length of 11.9 centimetres (4.7 in) SL.
Nectophrynoides paulae is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Ukaguru Mountains of Tanzania.
Cryptus is a large genus of wasps in the family Ichneumonidae with 182 described species.
Gymnophthalmus cryptus, the cryptic spectacled tegu, is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
