Neognathostomata

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Neognathostomata
Temporal range: Lower Jurassic–recent
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Echinocyamus pusillus.jpg
Echinocyamus pusillus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Infraclass: Irregularia
Superorder:Neognathostomata
Smith, 1981
Orders

Cassiduloida
Clypeasteroida
Echinolampadoida

The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.

Sea urchin Class of echinoderms

Sea urchins or urchins are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species live on the seabed, inhabiting all oceans and depth zones from the intertidal to 5,000 metres. Their tests are round and spiny, typically from 3 to 10 cm across. Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with their tube feet, and sometimes pushing themselves with their spines. They feed primarily on algae but also eat slow-moving or sessile animals. Their predators include sea otters, starfish, wolf eels, and triggerfish.

Contents

Description and characteristics

They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.

Taxonomy

Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina). Clypeaster reticulatus both sides.jpg
Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina).
Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar"). Mellita longifissa.jpg
Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar").
Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida). Echinolampas hemisphaerica MHNT Burdigalien Bollene 84 dos.jpg
Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida).

Cassiduloida is an order of sea urchins. The group was extremely diverse with many families and species during the Mesozoic, but today, only a few species survive.

<i>Clypeasteridae</i> Family of flat (irregular) sea urchins

Clypeasteridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Clypeasteroida. This family was first scientifically described in 1835 by the Swiss-American biologist Louis Agassiz.

Echinocyamidae family of echinoderms

Echinocyamidae is a family of sand dollars. They are found mostly off the coast of Britain and Ireland and the North Sea, with scattered populations in the tropics.

Related Research Articles

Sand dollar Order of irregular sea urchins

The term sand dollar refers to species of extremely flattened, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are known as sea biscuits.

Loveniidae family of echinoderms

Loveniidae is a family of heart urchins in the order Spatangoida.

<i>Echinocardium</i> genus of echinoderms

Echinocardium is a genus of sea urchins of the family Loveniidae, known as heart urchins.

Arachnoididae

Arachnoididae is a family of echinoderms of the order Clypeasteroida.

Crambinae subfamily of insects

Crambinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,800 species worldwide. The larvae are root feeders or stem borers, mostly on grasses. A few species are pests of sod grasses, maize, sugar cane, rice, and other Poaceae. The monophyly of this group is supported by the structure of the tympanal organs and the phallus attached medially to the juxta.

Stolidobranchia suborder of chordates

Stolidobranchia is an order of tunicates in the class Ascidiacea. The group includes both colonial and solitary animals. They are distinguished from other tunicates by the presence of folded pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in ancient greek, στολίς, ίδος means the "fold" of a cloth. Stolidobranchian sea squirts are also characterized by the complete absence of an abdomen. The abdominal organs of other tunicates are instead located to one side of the pharyngeal basket in this group.

Spatangoida order of echinoderms

The heart urchins or Spatangoida are an order of sea urchins.

Cidaroida order of echinoderms

Cidaroida is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic.

<i>Spatangus</i> genus of echinoderms

Spatangus is a genus of heart urchins in the Spatangidae family. The genus is synonymous with the previously recognised genera Prospatangus Lambert, 1902 and Spatagus. There are nine recognised species. The type species is Spatangus purpureus Müller, 1776 by subsequent designation.

Irregularia infraclass of echinoderms

Irregularia is an extant infraclass of sea urchins that first appeared in the Lower Jurassic.

Schizaster genus of echinoderms

Schizaster is a genus of heart urchins belonging to the family Schizasteridae. The type species of the genus is Schizaster studeri.

<i>Amblypneustes</i> genus of echinoderms

Amblypneustes is a genus of sea urchin, belonging to the family Temnopleuridae.

References