Nova Scotia Power

Last updated

Nova Scotia Power Inc.
Company type Subsidiary
Industry Energy
PredecessorNova Scotia Power Commission, Nova Scotia Light and Power Company, Limited
Founded1972 (as Nova Scotia Power Corporation)
Headquarters
Halifax, Nova Scotia
,
Canada
Area served
Nova Scotia
Key people
Peter Gregg, President & CEO
Products Electricity
Number of employees
1700 (2013) [1]
Parent Emera
Website www.nspower.ca

Nova Scotia Power Inc. is a vertically integrated electric utility in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is privately owned by Emera and regulated by the provincial government via the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (NSUARB). [2] Nova Scotia Power Inc provides electricity to 520,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers in Nova Scotia. [1]

Contents

History

20th century

Emera head office Emera head office.jpg
Emera head office

The Nova Scotia Power Commission was formed in 1919 by the provincial government, following the lead of several other Canadian provinces in establishing Crown corporation electrical utilities. The commission constructed and opened its first hydro plant at Tantallon the following year. Throughout the 1920s-1960s, the commission grew as private and municipal owned hydro plants and electrical utilities went bankrupt or sold their assets. In 1960, Nova Scotia was connected to the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission in the first electrical inter-connection between provinces in Canada. The Nova Scotia Power Commission underwent unprecedented expansion during the late 1960s when five new thermal generating stations were constructed to meet the growing residential and industrial demand in the province.

On January 27, 1972, the Government of Nova Scotia acquired Nova Scotia Light and Power Company, Limited (NSLP), an investor-owned utility, leasing its assets to the renamed Nova Scotia Power Corporation (NSPC). [3] In 1984, NSPC opened the world's first tidal power generating station on the Annapolis River at Annapolis Royal. This technology, similar to hydroelectric dams, did not become globally widespread. In 1992, NSPC was privatized by the provincial government of Premier Donald Cameron in what was then the largest private equity transaction in Canadian history. Cameron's government had been under heavy pressure to control provincial deficits and debt servicing thus the controversial decision to sell the Crown corporation. This privatization created Nova Scotia Power Incorporated (NSPI).

On December 2, 1998, NSPI shareholders voted to restructure the company to create a holding company which would be shareholder-owned, with the regulated utility being a wholly owned subsidiary of the holding company. On December 9, 1998, NSPI received approval to establish NS Power Holdings Incorporated and NSPI shareholders exchanged their shares in NSPI for shares in NS Power Holdings Inc. on a one-to-one basis on January 1, 1999. Common shares in NS Power Holdings Inc. began trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange and Montreal Stock Exchange on January 6, 1999. The NS Power Holdings Inc. name was changed to Emera Incorporated on July 17, 2000.

21st century

In the wake of major winter storms in 2004, [4] NS Power came under increasing criticism from the Union of Nova Scotia Municipalities, energy-oriented public interest groups, and provincial political parties for a perceived lack of investment in the monitoring, preventive maintenance and instrumenting of its electric grid. A study was eventually commissioned from SNC-Lavalin to explore a "regional system operator" to relieve NS Power of the control of the grid, [5] but Nova Scotia Power remains a single, vertically integrated utility as of 2014.

NB Power controversy

Concerns were raised by the Nova Scotia government regarding the future of Nova Scotia Power and the province's renewable energy strategy in the aftermath of a tentative C$4.8 billion deal for the sale of most assets of NB Power to Hydro-Québec, on October 29, 2009. The government of Nova Scotia was concerned that the deal could affect its plan to develop renewable energy sources for exports to New England in competition with Quebec's publicly owned utility, as all existing transmission routes were through New Brunswick. [6] The sale was reduced in scope due to public pressure in NB, then dropped entirely. The Shawn Graham government fell partly as a result of the failure of these deals and the lack of public consultation prior to pursuing them.

In partial response to concerns about being cut off from the New England market, NS Premier Darrell Dexter began to pursue a "loop" strategy for Nova Scotia's electric interconnection, connecting Muskrat Falls in Labrador to Cape Breton, thence to mainland Nova Scotia and, via subsea DC transmission cable, New England. This would connect NL, NS and potentially PEI with its peers in FERC Eastern Interconnection directly without relying on Quebec or New Brunswick. Thus, any future deal to extend Quebec's ownership or Quebec's interconnection could not prevent dealings between peers in the Eastern Interconnection. Nova Scotia Power has not announced any plans for a direct interconnection with the United States as of 2014.

On November 18, 2010, Nova Scotia Power's parent company, Emera, announced a $6.2 billion deal with Newfoundland and Labrador's Nalcor Energy to develop the Phase 1 of the Lower Churchill Project, including transmission infrastructure to bring power to Nova Scotia from Muskrat Falls, Labrador. [7] By providing long-term, guaranteed access to a block of hydroelectric power at a fixed price, [8] the deal served the longstanding policy goal of reducing Nova Scotia's dependence on coal-fired generation. [7] A new regulated utility registered in Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia Power Maritime Link Incorporated (NSPML), was formed to build and maintain the Maritime Link, including overhead power lines between the Granite Canal Hydroelectric Generating Station and Cape Ray, Newfoundland and a submarine power cable across the Cabot Strait. In 2013, Nova Scotia Power signed an agreement to act as the agent of NSPML in commercial relationships with neighbouring utilities. [9] : 16  Nova Scotia Power also agreed to provide transmission services for Nalcor Energy in Nova Scotia, allowing electricity to be traded among all four Atlantic provinces. [9] : 17 

2012 audit

An audit commissioned by the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (NSUARB) and conducted by Liberty Consulting Group in 2012 found that NSP overcharged its customers by $21.8 million because it paid too much for fuel over a two-year period. [10] The audit was heavily redacted when first released in July 2009, but the NSUARB ordered the release of the unredacted report in September 2009, arguing that it would not harm NSP's ability to carry on its business. [11]

Energy conservation

Programs administered by Nova Scotia Power

As NS implemented its climate and demand side management strategies, lobbyists questioned whether the Nova Scotia Power could be trusted to administer a province-wide conservation program designed to prevent having to build any large, new power plant.[ citation needed ] Its "integrated resource plan" of 2007 indicated that energy conservation is an important element to meet the future electricity needs of Nova Scotia.[ citation needed ] NS Power began implementing Energy Efficiency & Conservation programs (EEC) for customers in 2008. [12]

Conservation programs for large commercial and industrial electricity users were the first to be launched by NSP, in May 2008. [13] Although electric utilities across Canada commonly administer similar programs, [14] [15] [16] lobbyists accused NSP of potential conflicts of interest,[ citation needed ] because it was both a vendor of electricity and also the administrator of programs that, if successful, would reduce energy sales.

The utility spent $11.9 million on conservation programs in 2008 and 2009. A third party evaluation confirmed that the programs had saved over 85 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, exceeding the utility's goal of 66 million kilowatt-hours. [17] In April 2009, the utility applied to the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board for approval to spend $23 million on conservation programs in 2010. [18] The spending was offset by a reduction in power rates under Nova Scotia's fuel adjustment mechanism due to lower-than-expected oil and gas prices in 2009. [19]

Independently administered programs

Public consultations held in Nova Scotia in 2008 produced a report recommending the creation of an independent demand side management administration. [20] : 3  Conserve Nova Scotia, a government agency founded in 2006, [21] : 13  was recast as the agency responsible for "the planning, development, and co-ordination of policies and programs for energy efficiency and conservation, including public education and behavioural change" in 2009. [22]

A new non-profit agency, Efficiency Nova Scotia, was created in 2010 to offer demand side management programs previously offered by Nova Scotia Power. [23] : 3  The agency is led by an independent board of directors and regulated by the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board. [24] Its programs are funded by a DSM Cost Recovery Rider (DCRR) on customers' power bills that varies according to each customer's rate class and energy consumption. The average residential customer pays $63 per year for conservation programs as of 2014. [25] Average payments by medium industrial customers dropped from over $200/month in 2012 to just over $100 in 2013 and 2014. [26]

For 2012, ENS claimed that it "helped Nova Scotians save $100 million in electricity costs. Energy savings totalled 141.8 million kilowatt hours, enough electricity to take 14,000 average homes off the grid" on expenditures of $43.7 million - a total cost under $0.31 per kilowatt hour for permanent savings that recur year over year. The cash-on-cash return on investment province-wide is well over 100% for the entire history of Efficiency Nova Scotia. [26]

Smart grid proposals

In October 2013 NSP announced it would extend Schneider Electric's GIS technology with embedded OMS and DMS technologies to "efficiently monitor, analyze, and manage its network of nearly 500,000 customers for more rapid response to power outages." [27] NSP accordingly appears to be following Schneider's blueprint for grid evolution. [28]

Municipal utilities

In 2013, the Town of Lunenburg Electric Utility (TLEU) initiated a smart meter pilot project. Participating customers were provided with meters that could record power consumption in real time, and a wireless network was set up to communicate with the meters. [29] Municipal Electric Utilities of Nova Scotia Cooperative Ltd. and the Nova Scotia Department of Energy had previously studied ways to reduce or shift demand during peak times as a way to reduce power costs for customers served by the municipal utilities. [30] NSP had not piloted smart meters as of April 2013.

Time-of-day power rates

As of 2014, time-of-day power rates are only available for customers using approved electric thermal storage heating systems, who pay between 14 and 19 cents/kW·h on-peak and 7.3 cents/kW·h off-peak. [31] The rates and necessary metering equipment have not been offered to other customers who requested them. [32] Dalhousie Professor Dr. Larry Hughes [33] argues that they should be more widely deployed to encourage conserving power on peak, ensuring that electric vehicles and other discretionary devices charge off-peak, and otherwise levelling usage.

An increasing amount of power is coming from wind which is generated at unpredictable times, either on or off peak, suggesting a dynamic electricity pricing scheme might be required and thus a more functional fully networked power grid far beyond the capabilities of typical "smart meters".[ citation needed ]

Smart meters

In June 2017 [34] NSP withdrew its application for a pilot project to test wireless smart meters, under criticism from consumer advocates. It instead proposed that it "would prepare a new application for provincewide installation of the meters, including a cost-benefit analysis, which it will submit to the board sometime this summer" [34] i.e. before September 2017.

On June 12 2018 the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board approved the application by Nova Scotia Power to install new Smart Meters throughout the Province at a cost of up to $133.2 million. Project costs included all computers systems, installation costs, communications, administration and financing as well as new meters. Costs also included a $13.4 million contingency. [35] The project began in the fall of 2019 and NSP plans to be finished in 2021. [36]

Generating facilities

NSPI has a generating capacity of 2,368 megawatts and produces 13,000 gigawatt hours of electricity each year. [37] As of 2014, the utility operates 43 power stations, excluding wind turbines, [38] using sources of energy including coal, petcoke, natural gas and renewables.

Thermal power stations

StationImageLocationFuelGenerating CapacityUnitNet Capacity (MW)Commissioned
Lingan Generating Station [39] Lingan Generating Station.jpg 46°14′12″N60°2′14″W / 46.23667°N 60.03722°W / 46.23667; -60.03722 (Lingan Generating Station) Coal/Petcoke620 MW [40] 11551979
21551980
31551983
41551984
Point Aconi Generating Station [39] Point Aconi Generating Station 2.jpg 46°19′12″N60°19′50″W / 46.32000°N 60.33056°W / 46.32000; -60.33056 (Point Aconi Generating Station) Coal/Petcoke171 MW [40] 11711994
Point Tupper Generating Station [39] Point tupper generating station.jpg 45°35′14″N61°20′53″W / 45.58722°N 61.34806°W / 45.58722; -61.34806 (Point Tupper Generating Station) Coal/Petcoke154 MW [40] 11541973 (oil)

1987 (coal)

Trenton Generating Station [39] TrentonPlant2.jpg 45°37′13″N62°38′53″W / 45.62028°N 62.64806°W / 45.62028; -62.64806 (Trenton Generating Station) Coal/Petcoke307 MW [40] 51521969
61551991
Tufts Cove Generating Station [39] Tufts Cove Station.jpg 44°40′35″N63°35′46″W / 44.67639°N 63.59611°W / 44.67639; -63.59611 (Tufts Cove Generating Station) Oil/Natural Gas500 MW [41] 1811965
2931972
31471976
4492003
5492004
6502012

Combustion turbines

Tidal

20 MW Annapolis Royal Generating Station TideKraftwerk.jpg
20 MW Annapolis Royal Generating Station

Wind

Hydroelectric

6 MW Gulch power plant, one of two hydroelectric plants in the Bear River System NSPInc GulchPowerPlant.jpg
6 MW Gulch power plant, one of two hydroelectric plants in the Bear River System

Purchased power

NSPI also purchases energy from independent power producers who generate electricity using wind, hydro, and biomass (including landfill gas). Notable examples include wind farms at Pubnico Point, Lingan, and Dalhousie Mountain.

Major customers

Provincial

Industrial

Municipal utilities

There are six municipal utilities currently operating in the province. [45] The municipal utilities jointly own the Municipal Electric Utilities of Nova Scotia Cooperative Ltd. (MEUNS). [46] Together, they serve under 15,000 people, or about 2% of the provincial population.

Relationship with Nova Scotia Power

The majority of the municipal utilities purchase electricity through an interconnection with Nova Scotia Power; however, some, including the Berwick Electric Light Commission, have supplementary generating assets such as small hydro stations.[ citation needed ] In 2012, MEUNS successfully opposed charges of $28–32 million that NSP had requested before the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (NSUARB). The proposed charges would have been a one-time "exit fee" payable by the municipal utilities in exchange for ending NSP's monopoly on the wholesale supply of electricity. The NSUARB found that a 2005 agreement that allowed third-party suppliers to sell power over NSP's grid gave the municipal utilities the right to purchase power from third parties without paying an exit fee, as long as their businesses did not substantially change or expand. [45]

Renewable energy plans

In 2014, Mahone Bay, Antigonish, and Berwick signed an agreement to develop a 16 MW wind farm in Hants County as co-owners of the Alternative Resource Energy Authority. The project is expected to help the towns' municipal utilities meet Nova Scotia's target of producing 25 percent of electricity from renewable sources by 2015, and to pay financial dividends to the three towns for the next 25 years. [47]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North American Electric Reliability Corporation</span> Non profit Electric Reliability Organization

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is a nonprofit corporation based in Atlanta, Georgia, and formed on March 28, 2006, as the successor to the North American Electric Reliability Council. The original NERC was formed on June 1, 1968, by the electric utility industry to promote the reliability and adequacy of bulk power transmission in the electric utility systems of North America. NERC's mission states that it "is to assure the effective and efficient reduction of risks to the reliability and security of the grid".

The British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority, operating as BC Hydro, is a Canadian electric utility in the province of British Columbia. It is the main electricity distributor, serving more than 4 million customers in most areas, with the exception of the City of New Westminster, where the city runs its own electrical department and portions of the West Kootenay, Okanagan, the Boundary Country and Similkameen regions, where FortisBC, a subsidiary of Fortis Inc. directly provides electric service to 213,000 customers and supplies municipally owned utilities in the same area. As a provincial Crown corporation, BC Hydro reports to the BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation, and is regulated by the British Columbia Utilities Commission (BCUC). Its mandate is to generate, purchase, distribute and sell electricity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Net metering</span> Type of billing of electricity generated from renewable sources

Net metering is an electricity billing mechanism that allows consumers who generate some or all of their own electricity to use that electricity anytime, instead of when it is generated. This is particularly important with renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which are non-dispatchable. Monthly net metering allows consumers to use solar power generated during the day at night, or wind from a windy day later in the month. Annual net metering rolls over a net kilowatt-hour (kWh) credit to the following month, allowing solar power that was generated in July to be used in December, or wind power from March in August.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emera</span> Canadian energy company

Emera Incorporated is a publicly traded Canadian multinational energy holding company based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Created in 1998 during the privatization of Nova Scotia Power, a provincial Crown corporation, Emera now invests in regulated electricity generation as well as transmission and distribution across North America and the Caribbean.

Energy demand management, also known as demand-side management (DSM) or demand-side response (DSR), is the modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and behavioral change through education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NB Power</span> Electric utility company

New Brunswick Electric Power Corporation, operating as NB Power, is the primary electric utility in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. NB Power is a vertically-integrated Crown corporation by the government of New Brunswick and is responsible for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. NB Power serves all the residential and industrial power consumers in New Brunswick, with the exception of those in Saint John, Edmundston and Perth-Andover who are served by Saint John Energy, Energy Edmundston, and the Perth-Andover Electric Light Commission, respectively.

Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, commonly known as Hydro, is a provincial Crown corporation that generates and delivers electricity for Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as portions of Quebec and the north-eastern areas of the United States. Between 2007 and 2021, NL Hydro was a subsidiary of the provincial Crown-owned energy holding company Nalcor Energy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electricity sector in Canada</span>

The electricity sector in Canada has played a significant role in the economic and political life of the country since the late 19th century. The sector is organized along provincial and territorial lines. In a majority of provinces, large government-owned integrated public utilities play a leading role in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. Ontario and Alberta have created electricity markets in the last decade to increase investment and competition in this sector of the economy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demand response</span> Techniques used to prevent power networks from being overwhelmed

Demand response is a change in the power consumption of an electric utility customer to better match the demand for power with the supply. Until the 21st century decrease in the cost of pumped storage and batteries, electric energy could not be easily stored, so utilities have traditionally matched demand and supply by throttling the production rate of their power plants, taking generating units on or off line, or importing power from other utilities. There are limits to what can be achieved on the supply side, because some generating units can take a long time to come up to full power, some units may be very expensive to operate, and demand can at times be greater than the capacity of all the available power plants put together. Demand response, a type of energy demand management, seeks to adjust in real-time the demand for power instead of adjusting the supply.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smart meter</span> Online recorder of utility usage

A smart meter is an electronic device that records information—such as consumption of electric energy, voltage levels, current, and power factor—and communicates the information to the consumer and electricity suppliers. Such an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from automatic meter reading (AMR) in that it enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enmax</span> Calgary, Alberta municipal energy utility

Enmax Corporation is a vertically integrated utility with operations across Alberta, Canada, and in Maine, U.S. Through its subsidiaries, ENMAX Power Corporation and Versant Power, ENMAX owns and operates transmission and distribution utilities that deliver electricity to customers in Calgary, Alberta, and northern and eastern Maine. Through ENMAX Energy Corporation, ENMAX owns and operates power generation facilities and offers electricity and natural gas products and services to residential, commercial and industrial customers across Alberta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toronto Hydro</span> Electric utility company in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Toronto Hydro Corporation is an electric utility that operates the electricity distribution system for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. As of 2018, it serves approximately 772,000 customers and delivers approximately 19% of the electricity consumed in Ontario.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smart grid</span> Type of electrical grid

The smart grid is an enhancement of the 20th century electrical grid, using two-way communications and distributed so-called intelligent devices. Two-way flows of electricity and information could improve the delivery network. Research is mainly focused on three systems of a smart grid – the infrastructure system, the management system, and the protection system. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electrical grid</span> Interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers

An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids consist of power stations, electrical substations to step voltage up or down, electric power transmission to carry power over long distances, and finally electric power distribution to customers. In that last step, voltage is stepped down again to the required service voltage. Power stations are typically built close to energy sources and far from densely populated areas. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. From small to large there are microgrids, wide area synchronous grids, and super grids.

There is a large array of stakeholders that provide services through electricity generation, transmission, distribution and marketing for industrial, commercial, public and residential customers in the United States. It also includes many public institutions that regulate the sector. In 1996, there were 3,195 electric utilities in the United States, of which fewer than 1,000 were engaged in power generation. This leaves a large number of mostly smaller utilities engaged only in power distribution. There were also 65 power marketers. Of all utilities, 2,020 were publicly owned, 932 were rural electric cooperatives, and 243 were investor-owned utilities. The electricity transmission network is controlled by Independent System Operators or Regional Transmission Organizations, which are not-for-profit organizations that are obliged to provide indiscriminate access to various suppliers to promote competition.

Vermont electric power needs are served by over twenty utilities. The largest is Green Mountain Power, a subsidiary of Énergir which recently also took over Central Vermont Public Service. Together this single company represents 70% of the retail customers in Vermont. The state is a small electricity consumer compared with other states. Therefore, its electricity sector has the lowest carbon footprint in the country. As of 2010, the state had the lowest wholesale electricity costs in New England. Efficiency Vermont engages in aggressive initiatives to cut residential electricity waste, which often identifies other problems that it claims can save hundreds per household per year. Accordingly, Vermont's overall energy bills are also relatively lower than in the rest of the New England states.

Smart grid policy in the United States refers to legislation and other governmental orders influencing the development of smart grids in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North American power transmission grid</span> Series of electrical grids that power the US and Canada

The electrical power grid that powers Northern America is not a single grid, but is instead divided into multiple wide area synchronous grids. The Eastern Interconnection and the Western Interconnection are the largest. Three other regions include the Texas Interconnection, the Quebec Interconnection, and the Alaska Interconnection. Each region delivers power at a nominal 60 Hz frequency.

Net metering in New Mexico is a set of state public policies that govern the relationship between solar customers and electric utility companies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Home energy upgrades from public utilities</span> HVAC and power improvements to residences offered by service providers

Home energy upgrades from public utilities are added home energy efficiency and renewable energy features planned or installed by public utilities. Help from a public utility can make it easier for a homeowner to select, install or operate climate-friendly components. The utility might assist with coordinated use of utility-supplied energy, building features, financing, operating options and neighborhood supplied energy.

References

  1. 1 2 "Who We Are". Nova Scotia Power. 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  2. ↑ "Electricity Mandate". NUARB website. Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  3. ↑ Nova Scotia Light and Power Company, Limited: Annual Report, 1972
  4. ↑ Nova Scotia premier calls for independent review of power grid as thousands sit in the dark, November 26, 2004
  5. ↑ Province explores options for cleaner power grid, February 2009
  6. ↑ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (October 29, 2009). "NB Power deal raises concerns in N.S." CBC News. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
  7. 1 2 McCarthy, Shawn (November 18, 2010). "Churchill hydro deal signals era of Atlantic co-operation". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Backgrounder - Nalcor Energy and Emera Inc. Term Sheet" (Press release). Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. November 18, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  9. 1 2 "NOVA SCOTIA POWER INCORPORATED and NSP MARITIME LINK INCORPORATED Agency and Service Agreement" (PDF). Emera Newfoundland and Labrador. January 28, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  10. ↑ "N.S. Power accused of overcharging by $21M". CBC News. July 11, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  11. ↑ Doucette, Keith (September 12, 2012). "Nova Scotia Power loses fight to keep parts of audit from public eyes". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. The Canadian Press. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  12. ↑ NSP Inc., Conservation and Energy Efficiency Plan (About page)
  13. ↑ Nova Scotia Power launches new energy efficiency initiative
  14. ↑ "BC Hydro PowerSmart". Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Manitoba Hydro PowerSmart". Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  16. ↑ Hydro Quebec Energy Wise
  17. ↑ "NS Power customers save money, electricity through conservation and efficiency programs" (Press release). Halifax: Nova Scotia Power. February 26, 2010. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  18. ↑ Croucher, Philip (April 8, 2009). "NS Power seeks $23M for conservation program". Daily Business Buzz. Halifax: Transcontinental Media. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  19. ↑ "No cut in NS Power customers' bills". CBC News. December 3, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  20. ↑ Wheeler, David (April 20, 2008). STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PROCESS FOR AN ADMINISTRATIVE MODEL FOR DSM DELIVERY IN NOVA SCOTIA (PDF) (Report). Halifax: Dalhousie University. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  21. ↑ Toward a Greener Future: Nova Scotia's Climate Change Action Plan (PDF) (Report). Halifax: Nova Scotia Department of Environment. January 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  22. ↑ "About the Agency". Conserve Nova Scotia. March 23, 2009. Archived from the original on August 2, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  23. ↑ Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation 2010 Annual Report (PDF) (Report). Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  24. ↑ "About Us". Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation. 2013. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  25. ↑ "2014 Energy Efficiency Rates". Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation. 2014. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  26. 1 2 Joann Alberstat (May 29, 2012). "Efficiency N.S.: It's costing more money to save on power". Chroncicle Herald.
  27. ↑ "Nova Scotia Power Selects Schneider Electric to Implement Integrated Smart Grid Solution". IT Business Net. October 8, 2013. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Smart Grid: Schneider Electric vision". Schneider Electric. Archived from the original on April 24, 2014.
  29. ↑ "Lunenburg launches smart meter project". CBC News. March 28, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  30. ↑ "Province, Municipal Electricity Utilities Look for Savings" (Press release). Nova Scotia Department of Energy. February 16, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Time-of-Day Rates". Nova Scotia Power. 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  32. ↑ "Shad Bay man fights for smart electricity meters". CBC News. February 2, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  33. ↑ "Why Nova Scotia Power should install smart meters". Information Morning NS. CBC Radio. March 14, 2014. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 – via CBC Player.
  34. 1 2 "Saltwire | Halifax".
  35. ↑ "Decision - Advanced Meter Infrastructure Project (AMI) M08349" (PDF). Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board. Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  36. ↑ "Smart Meters - Timeline". Nova Scotia Power. Emera. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  37. ↑ "Quick facts about Nova Scotia Power". NSPI. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  38. ↑ "How We Make Electricity". Nova Scotia Power. 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 Abreu, Catherine; Kristin Lutes (August 2013). ELECTRICITY AND NOVA SCOTIA'S FUTURE: Hurdles and Opportunities (PDF) (Report). Ecology Action Centre. p. 12. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  40. 1 2 3 4 "COAL FACILITIES". Nova Scotia Power. 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  41. ↑ "NATURAL GAS FACILITIES". Nova Scotia Power. 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  42. ↑ "Chester approves Nova Scotia's largest wind farm". CBCnews website. CBC. March 15, 2013.
  43. ↑ Locke, A. Elaine; Yates, James B.; Horne, Donald F.; MacIvor, Terrence F.; Chen, C.T. (March 1, 2009). "Upgrading Aging Pipelines". Hydro Review. 27 (1). PennWell. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  44. ↑ Beswick, Aaron (October 31, 2013). "Power starts in N.S.forests". Chronicle Herald. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  45. 1 2 Alberstat, Joann (September 7, 2012). "Board nixes NSP exit fee plan". The Chronicle Herald. Halifax. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  46. ↑ "Municipal Electric Utilities of Nova Scotia Co-operative Limited". Nova Scotia's Electric Gleaner. Canning. March 14, 1998. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  47. ↑ Corcoran, Keith (July 1, 2014). "Mahone Bay signs off on wind farm deal". SouthShoreNow.ca. Lighthouse Publishing. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.