Annapolis Royal

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Annapolis Royal
Port-Royal (French)
Town and County seat
Lighthouse DSC02664 - Annapolis Royal Lighthouse (7986972342).jpg
Waterfront of Annapolis Royal
Cannon at Fort Anne, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia (3616131610).jpg
View from Fort Anne looking south over Annapolis Basin
St. Luke's Anglican Church, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia (3615282221).jpg
Saint Luke's Church
Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons Annapolis Royal NS.jpg
Pierre Dugua Monument
Lighthouse DSC02667 - Annapolis Royal Lighthouse (7986975158).jpg
Lighthouse
AnnapolisRoyalNSSkyline.jpg
View of Granville Ferry from Annapolis Royal
Flag of Annapolis Royal.svg
Flag
Nickname: 
Cradle of Canada
Canada Nova Scotia location map 2.svg
Red pog.svg
Annapolis Royal
Location of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
Coordinates: 44°44′30″N65°30′55″W / 44.74167°N 65.51528°W / 44.74167; -65.51528
CountryCanada
Province Nova Scotia
Municipality Annapolis County
Founded1605;419 years ago (1605) as Port Royal
Incorporated1892;132 years ago (1892)
Named for Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Electoral Districts     
Federal
West Nova
Provincial Annapolis
Government
 • MayorAmery Boyer
 • Governing BodyAnnapolis Royal Town Council
 • MLA Carman Kerr (L)
 • MP Chris d'Entremont (C)
Area
(2016) [1]
 • Total2.04 km2 (0.79 sq mi)
Highest elevation
7 m (23 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total530
 • Density268.3/km2 (695/sq mi)
Demonym Annapolitan
Time zone UTC-4 (AST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-3 (Atlantic Daylight Saving Time)
Postal code
B0S1A0
Area code 902
Telephone Exchange 526, 532
Official nameAnnapolis Royal Historic District National Historic Site of Canada
Designated1994
Website annapolisroyal.com

Annapolis Royal is a town in and the county seat of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The community, known as Port Royal before 1710, [2] is recognised as having one of the longest histories in North America, preceding the settlements at Plymouth, Jamestown and Quebec. [3] For nearly 150 years, it served as the capital of Acadia and subsequently Nova Scotia until the establishment of Halifax in 1749. [2] [4]

Contents

In 1605, France established a settlement on the Annapolis Basin, centred on the habitation at Port Royal. [5] By 1629, Scotland renewed the settlement, this time centred around Charles Fort, which is the site of the modern town. [6] The settlement of Port Royal passed several times between France, Scotland, England and Great Britain until it was finally ceded to Great Britain in 1713. [7] Due to its location on the boundary between the colonial powers of France and Great Britain, it encountered a grand total of thirteen assaults, surpassing all other locations in North America. [8] : viii 

In 1994, the historic heart of Annapolis Royal, having been the site of critical moments in North America's development, was officially named a National Historic Site of Canada. [9] The historic district is one of numerous National Historic Sites and two National Trust for Canada properties in and around Annapolis Royal. [10] [11] The town resides within the working landscape of the UNESCO designated, Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve. [12]

Formerly centred around military affairs and shipping, the town's primary economic focus has shifted to tourism. [2]

Toponymy

"Port Royal" originally referred to the Annapolis Basin and was named by cartographer Samuel de Champlain in 1604, writing, "we entered a harbour which is two leagues in length and one in breadth, which I have named Port Royal." [13] The French settlement on the Annapolis Basin was named "Annapolis Royal" in honour of Queen Anne following the siege of Port Royal in 1710 by Great Britain. [14]

History

Early history

The confluence of the Annapolis River and Allains Creek, the site of the modern town, was named Nme'juaqnek meaning "the place of bountiful fish" by the Mi'kmaq, who have lived in the area for thousands of years. A stone point excavated at Fort Anne was dated to two to three thousand years old. [15]

Map by Champlain (1613) Port Royal - (par Samuel Champlain) - btv1b8595932d.jpg
Map by Champlain (1613)

Port Royal

The original French year-round settlement, centred on the habitation at Port-Royal, was established in 1605 by François Gravé Du Pont, Samuel de Champlain, [14] with and for Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The habitation is approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) west of present-day Annapolis Royal on the Annapolis Basin. It was abandoned after being destroyed by attackers from Virginia in 1613, [14] but was, significantly, the first year-round European settlement in Canada. It was also likely to have been the site of the introduction of apples to Canada in 1606. [16]

Map for Jacques de Meulles, Intendant of New France (1686) Carte G(ener)ale de la Baye et Riviere du Port Royal, et de toutes les habitations que Monsieur De Meulles Intendant de la Nouvelle France a visite et dont il a fait lever le plan en sa presence avec beaucoup... - btv1b530897638.jpg
Map for Jacques de Meulles, Intendant of New France (1686)

In 1629, Scottish settlers, under the auspices of Sir William Alexander, established their settlement, known as Charles Fort, at the mouth of the Annapolis River. The settlement was transferred to the French under the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1632 and 47 Scottish settlers, including men, women and children were removed, although some settlers remained. [17] The settlement, under the French, soon became self-sufficient and grew modestly for nearly a century, though it was subject to frequent attacks and capture by English military forces or those of its New England colonists, only to be restored each time to French control by subsequent recapture or treaty stipulations. Acadia remained in French hands throughout most of the 17th century.

The seigneury of Port Royal was granted to Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt in 1604, although it was not exercised until 1605. [18] This semi-feudal status of Port Royal and Annapolis Royal was in effect until 1733, [19] but Seigneuresse Marie de Saint-Étienne de La Tour probably maintained the social status until her death in 1739. [20]

Creation of Annapolis Royal

In 1710, Port Royal was captured a final time from the French at the siege of Port Royal during Queen Anne's War, marking the British conquest of peninsular Nova Scotia. [21] Queen Anne's War was the North American theatre the larger War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), fought between France and the Grand Alliance. The British named the town Annapolis Royal and Fort Anne after Queen Anne (1665–1714), the reigning monarch. [14] Previously, under the French, the Annapolis River had been known as "Rivière Dauphin".

Siege of Annapolis Royal (1711)

After success in the local Battle of Bloody Creek, 600 Acadians and native warriors attempted to retake the Acadian capital. Under the leadership of Bernard-Anselme d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin they descended on Annapolis Royal and laid siege to Fort Anne. The garrison had fewer than 200 men, but the attackers had no artillery and were thus unable to make an impression on the fort. [22] : 135  [23] They eventually dispersed, and Annapolis Royal remained in British hands for the remainder of Queen Anne's War.

Under the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Acadia was formally granted to Great Britain; [21] however, the vague boundary definitions saw only the peninsular part of Nova Scotia granted to Great Britain. The next half-century would see great turbulence as Britain and France vied for dominance in Acadia and in North America more generally. The indigenous Mi'kmaq were not a party to the treaty.

Father Rale's War

Father Rale's War [lower-alpha 1] (1722–1725) was a series of battles between the New England Colonies and the Wabanaki Confederacy, including the Mi'kmaq, who were allied with France.

Blockade of Annapolis Royal (1722)

During Father Rale's War, in July 1722 the Abenaki and Miꞌkmaq attempted to create a blockade of Annapolis Royal, with the intent of starving the capital. [24] : 399  The natives captured 18 fishing vessels and prisoners from present-day Yarmouth to Canso. They also seized prisoners and vessels from the Bay of Fundy.

In response to the New England attack on Father Rale at Norridgewock in March 1722, 165 Mi'kmaq and Maliseet troops gathered at Minas to lay siege to the Lt. Governor of Nova Scotia at Annapolis Royal. [23] : 6  [25] [26] Under potential siege, in May 1722, Lieutenant Governor John Doucett took 22 Mi'kmaq hostage at Annapolis Royal to prevent the capital from being attacked. [23] : 56  Massachusetts Governor Samuel Shute declared war on the Abenaki.

New Englanders retrieved some of the vessels and prisoners after the Battle at Winnepang in which thirty-five natives and five New-Englanders were killed. Other vessels and prisoners were retrieved at Malagash Harbour after a ransom was paid. [24] : 399 

Raid on Annapolis Royal (1724)

A key event of Father Rale's War was in early July 1724 when a group of sixty Mi'kmaq and Maliseets raided Annapolis Royal. They killed and scalped a sergeant and a private, wounded four more soldiers, and terrorized the village. They also burned houses and took prisoners. [22] : 164–165  [24] : 408–409  [lower-alpha 2] The British responded on July 8 by executing one of the Mi'kmaq hostages on the same spot the sergeant was killed. They also burned three Acadian houses in retaliation. [8] : 123 

As a result of the raid, three blockhouses were built to protect the town. The Acadian church was moved closer to the fort so that it could be more easily monitored. [8] : 124–125 

King George's War

During King George's War there were four attempts by the French, Acadians and Mi'kmaq to retake the capital of Acadia. [27] : 338–371  King George's War was the North American theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), predominantly fought between France and the Holy Roman Empire, with whom Great Britain was allied.

Plan of the fort at Annapolis Royal (c. 1744) Plan of Annapolis Royal in Nova Scotia. LOC 2017585991.jpg
Plan of the fort at Annapolis Royal (c. 1744)

Siege of Annapolis Royal (July 1744)

Jean-Louis Le Loutre, the Vicar General for Acadia, gathered 300 Mi'kmaq warriors together, and they began their assault on Annapolis Royal on 12 July 1744. This was the largest gathering of Mi'kmaq warriors till then to take arms against the British. The Mi'kmaq outnumbered the New Englanders regulars by three to one. Two New England regulars were captured and scalped. [23] : 110–111  The assault lasted for four days, when the fort was rescued on 16 July by seventy New England soldiers arriving on board the ship Prince of Orange. [27] : 38 

Siege of Annapolis Royal (September 1744)

After spending the summer trying to recruit the assistance of Acadians, François Dupont Duvivier, officer of the French colonial troupes de la marine, attacked Annapolis Royal on 8 September 1744. His force of 200 was up against 250 soldiers at the fort. The siege raged on for a week, and then Duvivier demanded the surrender of the fort. Both sides awaited reinforcements by sea. The fighting continued for a week and then two ships did arrive – from Boston, not Louisbourg. On board the ship was New England Ranger John Gorham and 70 natives. Duvivier retreated. [27] : 338–341 

1745 Siege of Annapolis Royal

In May 1745, Paul Marin de la Malgue led 200 troops, together with hundreds of Mi'kmaq in another siege against Annapolis Royal. This force was twice the size of Duvivier's expedition. During this siege the English destroyed their own officers' fences, houses, and buildings that the attackers might be able to use. [8] : 157  The siege ended quickly when Marin was recalled to assist with defending the French during the siege of Louisbourg in 1745. [27] : 351 

During the 1745 siege, the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet took prisoner William Pote and some of Gorham's (Mohawk) Rangers. During his captivity, Pote wrote one of the most important captivity narratives from Acadia and Nova Scotia. While at Cobequid, Pote reported that an Acadian had remarked that the French soldiers should have "left their [the English] carcasses behind and brought their skins." [28] The following year, among other places, Pote was taken to the Maliseet village Aukpaque on the Saint John River. While at the village, Mi'kmaq from Nova Scotia arrived and, on July 6, 1745, tortured him together with a Mohawk ranger from Gorham's company named Jacob, as retribution for the killing of their family members by Gorham. [29] : 42–43  On July 10, Pote witnessed another act of revenge when the Mi'kmaq tortured a Mohawk ranger from Gorham's company at Meductic. [29] : 45 

1746 siege of Annapolis Royal

Led by Ramesay, the French land forces laid siege to Annapolis Royal for twenty-three days, awaiting naval reinforcements. They never received the assistance they required from the Duc d'Anville Expedition and were forced to retreat. [27] : 359 

Seven Years' War

Annapolis Royal by John Hamilton (c. 1753) Taken on the Spot by Capt. J. Hamilton of His Majesty's 40th Reg't of foot c.1753 NSARM.jpg
Annapolis Royal by John Hamilton (c. 1753)

The Seven Years' War (1756–1763), which was related to the French and Indian War, was primarily fought between France and Great Britain, in addition to their various allies.

1755 Deportation of the Acadians

During the expulsion of the Acadians, on December 8, 1755, 32 Acadian families, a total of 225, were deported from Annapolis Royal on the British ship Pembroke. The ship was headed for North Carolina. During the voyage, the Acadians took over the vessel. On 8 February 1756, the Acadians sailed up the Saint-John River as far as they could. [30] They there disembarked and burned their ship. A group of Maliseet met them and directed them up stream, where they joined an expanding Acadian community. [31] The Maliseet took them to one of Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot's refugee camps for the fleeing Acadians, which was at Beaubears Island. [23] : 186 

In December 1757, while cutting firewood near Fort Anne, John Weatherspoon was captured by Indians, presumably Mi'kmaq, and carried away to the mouth of the Miramichi River. From there he was eventually sold or traded to the French and taken to Quebec, where he was held until late in 1759. [32]

American Revolutionary War

Although invited to take part in the revolution by the Continental Congress, Nova Scotia remained largely loyal to Great Britain.

Annapolis Royal (c. 1781) Annapolis Royal RMG K0076 (cropped).jpg
Annapolis Royal (c. 1781)

During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants) were stationed at Annapolis Royal to guard Nova Scotia against American Privateers. On October 2, 1778, the 84th Regiment was involved in the defeat of an American privateer at Annapolis Royal. Captain MacDonald sailed into the town only to find a large privateer ship raiding the port. He destroyed the privateer vessel, which had mounted ten carriage-guns.

However, in June 1780 the 84th Regiment was transferred to the Carolinas, leaving the town vulnerable to attack. The next year, on August 29, 1781, two large American privateer schooners attacked the undefended town. They imprisoned the men of the community in the fort and systematically looted houses in the town, even stealing window-glass from the church. The privateers fled when reports arrived that the militia was assembling outside the town. The only death took place when the privateers accidentally shot their own pilot. Two town residents were taken as hostages and later released on parole on promise of exchange for an American prisoner at Halifax. [8] : 222–223  [33]

Loyalists

Officer's Quarters (1798) at Fort Anne Annapolis Government House.png
Officer's Quarters (1798) at Fort Anne

After the American Revolution, more than 30,000 United Empire Loyalists migrated to the maritimes, [34] many of them arriving in Annapolis Royal. The Loyalist migration severely taxed the resources of the town for a time before many moved to found Loyalist settlements such as nearby Digby and Clementsport, while others stayed. Some, such as Anglican minister Jacob Bailey, remained in Annapolis Royal and became members of the town's elite. Many escaped slaves who fought for the British known as Black Loyalists were also part of the Loyalist migration, including Thomas Peters, a member of the Black Pioneers regiment and an important Black Loyalist leader who first arrived in Annapolis Royal before taking land near Digby. Another notable Black Loyalist was Rose Fortune who founded a freight business and policed the Annapolis Royal waterfront. [35] The Loyalists who remained in Annapolis Royal brought an injection of professions and capital that strengthened the town as a regional centre beyond its status as a garrison outpost.

19th century

Owing to the extreme tidal range, relatively shallow waters of the Annapolis Basin, and the small population of its hinterland, the port of Annapolis Royal, despite having a good harbour, carried on only a small trade through the 19th century. [21] Along with Granville Ferry across the river, however, it was a local centre for shipbuilding. Among the notable local mariners was Bessie Hall. Following the replacement of sailing ships by steam in the 1880s, Annapolis Royal served as a coaling station between Saint John and Boston.

The town had a minor boom in 1869 when the Windsor and Annapolis Railway arrived, with two large railway piers built along the waterfront and several factories constructed in the area. The population reached 1,500 in the 1870s. [21] Incorporation as a town under the Nova Scotia Municipalities Act took place in 1893. However, the completion of the railway to Digby in 1893, followed by the creation of the Dominion Atlantic Railway to Yarmouth, shifted most of the steamship commerce to those cities as steel-hulled vessels began to require deeper and deeper waters. By 1901, Annapolis Royal's population had shrunk to 1,019 [36] and it became a small country town whose principal export was apples. [36]

20th century and beyond

Annapolis Royal tidal generating station TideKraftwerk.jpg
Annapolis Royal tidal generating station

A ferry service ran from Lower Saint George Street across the river to Granville Ferry from the early 19th century, but a bridge was built in 1921 to link the two sides of the estuary. This bridge collapsed in 1961 and was replaced by a causeway, already under construction.

The Annapolis Royal Generating Station was a tidal power station located on the Annapolis River immediately upstream from the town of Annapolis Royal. The only tidal generating station in North America, it was capable of producing up to 20 MW twice daily with the change in tides. The generating station harnessed the tidal difference created by the large tides in the Annapolis Basin, a sub-basin of the Bay of Fundy. It opened in 1984 but has not produced power since 2019.

The town's burgeoning tourism industry in recent decades has driven significant commercial development. Additionally, the extensive availability of broadband internet has attracted entrepreneurial individuals from across Canada and beyond. In 1984, Annapolis Royal elected the first female black mayor in Canada, Daurene Lewis. [37]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1971758—    
1976738−2.6%
1981631−14.5%
1986631+0.0%
1991633+0.3%
1996583−7.9%
2001550−5.7%
2006444−19.3%
2011481+8.3%
2016491+2.1%
2021530+7.9%
[38] [39]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Annapolis Royal had a population of 530 living in 322 of its 364 total private dwellings, a change of

Geography

Annapolis Royal is situated in a good but shallow harbour [21] at the western end of the fertile Annapolis Valley, nestled between the North and South mountains which define the valley. The town is on south bank of the Annapolis River facing the heavily tidal Annapolis Basin. The riverside forms the waterfront for this historic town. Directly opposite Annapolis Royal on the northern bank of the river is the community of Granville Ferry. Allains Creek joins the Annapolis River at the town, defining the western side of the community. The Bay of Fundy, on the other side of the North Mountain, is 10 kilometres north of the town.

The Annapolis Basin, Annapolis River, Annapolis County, and the Annapolis Valley all take their name from the town.

Climate

Annapolis Royal has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) and typically has mild summers, cold winters and is wet all year. [41]

Climate data for Annapolis Royal (1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)18.5
(65.3)		17.5
(63.5)		21.7
(71.1)		26.0
(78.8)		30.0
(86.0)		34.0
(93.2)		32.2
(90.0)		32.8
(91.0)		30.0
(86.0)		25.6
(78.1)		22.2
(72.0)		19.4
(66.9)		34.0
(93.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−0.7
(30.7)		0.1
(32.2)		3.4
(38.1)		9.0
(48.2)		15.8
(60.4)		20.4
(68.7)		23.3
(73.9)		23.3
(73.9)		19.0
(66.2)		13.2
(55.8)		8.0
(46.4)		2.1
(35.8)		11.4
(52.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)−4.3
(24.3)		−3.8
(25.2)		−0.3
(31.5)		5.1
(41.2)		11.1
(52.0)		15.5
(59.9)		18.5
(65.3)		18.6
(65.5)		14.9
(58.8)		9.6
(49.3)		4.9
(40.8)		−1.1
(30.0)		7.4
(45.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−7.8
(18.0)		−7.6
(18.3)		−4.0
(24.8)		1.2
(34.2)		6.2
(43.2)		10.2
(50.4)		13.3
(55.9)		13.4
(56.1)		10.3
(50.5)		5.9
(42.6)		1.7
(35.1)		−4.1
(24.6)		3.2
(37.8)
Record low °C (°F)−26.0
(−14.8)		−27.2
(−17.0)		−24.4
(−11.9)		−13.3
(8.1)		−6.1
(21.0)		−3.3
(26.1)		−1.1
(30.0)		0.0
(32.0)		−2.2
(28.0)		−8.3
(17.1)		−13.3
(8.1)		−23.9
(−11.0)		−27.2
(−17.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)114.4
(4.50)		85.2
(3.35)		94.3
(3.71)		94.7
(3.73)		86.4
(3.40)		74.4
(2.93)		68.7
(2.70)		68.5
(2.70)		110.3
(4.34)		120.4
(4.74)		125.3
(4.93)		112.5
(4.43)		1,155.2
(45.48)
Average rainfall mm (inches)59.5
(2.34)		51.6
(2.03)		67.0
(2.64)		87.0
(3.43)		86.0
(3.39)		74.4
(2.93)		68.7
(2.70)		68.5
(2.70)		110.3
(4.34)		120.4
(4.74)		118.0
(4.65)		80.2
(3.16)		991.8
(39.05)
Average snowfall cm (inches)54.9
(21.6)		33.5
(13.2)		27.3
(10.7)		7.7
(3.0)		0.4
(0.2)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		7.3
(2.9)		31.2
(12.3)		162.4
(63.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)13.710.911.311.311.011.18.68.310.211.213.212.9133.5
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)6.15.57.610.410.911.18.68.310.211.212.48.5110.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)9.26.45.01.70.050.00.00.00.00.01.45.228.9
Source: Environment Canada [42]

Economy

Tourism

A historic house, now a private inn GuestHouseAnnapolisRoyalNS.jpg
A historic house, now a private inn

Tourism is a significant part of the economy of Annapolis Royal. Fort Anne, contained within the boundaries of the town, was initially designated a National Historic Park in 1917 and a National Historic Site in 1920. [43] The current fort, built around 1703, was designed to defend the capital of Acadia / Nova Scotia from seaward attack. Today, much of the original earthen embankments may be visited, as well as some buildings original to the military facility and the Garrison Cemetery. This is the oldest formal cemetery in Canada, dating back to the French and later the British. The oldest English gravestone in Canada is among the graves, that of Bathiah Douglas who was buried in 1720. [44] Rose Fortune, a Black Loyalist and the first female police officer in what is now Canada is buried here.

The town contains the Historic District of Annapolis Royal, the largest registered Historic District in Canada. Not only is the District itself a National Historic Site, but it also contains numerous individual National Historic Sites. These include Fort Anne, the Annapolis County Court House, the site of Charles Fort, the de Gannes-Cosby House and the Sinclair Inn. [45] [46] [47] [48]

The Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens is a 17-acre tourist attraction that has been operating since 1981. The site is managed by a non-profit registered charity. The attraction displays several periods of Canadian gardening history from the 17th century through to the modern era. [49]

Various historical walking-tours are available in the town, particularly during the summer season; one of the more well-known being the late-night, candlelight Garrison Cemetery tour. The town has numerous art galleries and studios aimed at the tourist market.

Other

The town acts as a significant hub for commerce within the broader Annapolis County, catering to a population exceeding 21,000 residents.

The Annapolis Royal Farmers and Traders Market is situated on the town's waterfront. It convenes each Saturday from May through October, with additional sessions on Wednesdays from July to September. Live entertainment is a regular feature, typically offered on most Saturdays. [50] Established in 1976, the current iteration of the market maintains a rich historical lineage, tracing its origins back to a market instituted by Acadian Governor Brouillan in this vicinity of Port Royal around 1701. [8] This enduring tradition underscores the market's significance as a longstanding cultural and commercial hub within the region.

The extensive Annapolis Basin Conference Centre, and an adjoining small businesses park, are located near the town. They occupy the former site of CFB Cornwallis, which closed in the mid-1990s.

The scallop boat fleet based in the Annapolis Basin generates millions of dollars in economic activity annually, supporting numerous businesses in the Annapolis Royal area. The 'haul-up' facility adjacent to the wharf remains a key site for overhauling and refurbishing scallop boats each year.

Historic sites and museums

Reconstructed habitation at Port-Royal National Historic Site NS-02250 - Port Royal Habitation (28730204982).jpg
Reconstructed habitation at Port-Royal National Historic Site

Annapolis Royal has numerous historic sites which are either, National Historic Site of Canada, National Trust for Canada, or a Nova Scotia Museum. These are either within the town or nearby.

Arts and culture

The town is known for a thriving music, theatre, art and culture scene. In 2014, it was listed by MacLean's magazine as "10 Places You've Got to See." [65] The Annapolis Basin and Annapolis Royal are perhaps the location of some of the first theatrical productions in Canada with the Théâtre de Neptune , written by Marc Lescarbot (c. 1570–1641), performed in the harbour outside the Port Royal habitation on November 14, 1606. [66] In 1743, Paul Mascarene, the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, translated Molière's La Misanthrope and staged productions that winter in Annapolis Royal. [67]

Annapolis Royal hosts a lively contemporary art scene, with ARTsPLACE, managed by the Annapolis Region Community Arts Council, as its main art collective. [68]

The town has a long-time town crier, who works closely with the mayor and town council on public events. [69] [70] Annapolis Royal hosted the International Town Criers Competition in 2017.

Reenactments play a large role in the annual Natal Day celebrations British Parade.jpg
Reenactments play a large role in the annual Natal Day celebrations

The two principal venues for theatre and performance in the town are the historic King's Theatre and the recently constructed Oqwa'titek amphitheatre. [68] [71] These venues host live performances by both local and international groups.

Each year, Natal Day is celebrated over the weekend of the first Monday in August. Events are held throughout the town and Fort Anne, such as live music, dances, historical reenactments and pipe bands, culminating in a parade on the final day. [72]

Education

Annapolis Royal is within the Annapolis Valley Regional Centre for Education. Champlain Elementary School, in nearby Granville Ferry, services students from kindergarten to grade 5; while middle and high school students attend the Annapolis West Education Centre. [73]

Sister cities

Annapolis Royal has two sister cities: [74]

Notable people

Eponym

Minor planet 516560 Annapolisroyal was named in honor of the town by David D. Balam. [82] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 September 2018 ( M.P.C. 111804). [83]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Nova Scotia theatre of the Drummer War is named the "Mi'kmaq-Maliseet War" by John Grenier [23]
  2. ↑ French reports indicate they killed 10 British and took the same number hostage. [26]

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Wolfville is a Canadian town in the Annapolis Valley, Kings County, Nova Scotia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of the provincial capital, Halifax. The town is home to Acadia University and Landmark East School.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acadia</span> Colony of New France in northwestern North America

Acadia was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port-Royal National Historic Site</span> Historic site in Nova Scotia, Canada

Port-Royal National Historic Site is a National Historic Site located on the north bank of the Annapolis Basin in Granville Ferry, Nova Scotia, Canada. The site is the location of the Habitation at Port-Royal, which was the centre of activity for the French colony of Port Royal in Acadia from 1605 to 1613 when it was destroyed by English forces from the Colony of Virginia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fort Anne</span> Historic fort in Nova Scotia, Canada

Fort Anne is a historic fort protecting the harbour of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. It was built by Scottish settlers in August 1629 as Charles Fort. For the first 120 years of the fort's service period, the settlement of Port Royal, later Annapolis Royal, was the capital of the New France colony of Acadia and British North America colony of Nova Scotia. In 1917, Fort Anne became the first National Historic Site of Canada. Although no longer in active service, it is the oldest extant fort in Canada. Fort Anne has provided more defensive service than any other fort in North America, having been attacked and blockaded at least 19 times over a service period of 225 years, from the Acadian Civil War through to the American Revolutionary War. The fort also contains the oldest military building in Canada and the oldest building administered by Parks Canada, the 1708 powder magazine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia</span> Community in Nova Scotia, Canada

Grand-Pré is a Canadian rural community in Kings County, Nova Scotia. Its French name translates to "Great/Large Meadow" and the community lies at the eastern edge of the Annapolis Valley several kilometres east of the town of Wolfville on a peninsula jutting into the Minas Basin surrounded by extensive dyked farm fields, framed by the Gaspereau and Cornwallis Rivers. The community was made famous by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem Evangeline and is today home to the Grand-Pré National Historic Site. On June 30, 2012, the Landscape of Grand-Pré was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand-Pré National Historic Site</span> Historic site in Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia

Grand-Pré National Historic Site is a park set aside to commemorate the Grand-Pré area of Nova Scotia as a centre of Acadian settlement from 1682 to 1755, and the British deportation of the Acadians that happened during the French and Indian War. The original village of Grand Pré extended four kilometres along the ridge between present-day Wolfville and Hortonville. Grand-Pré is listed as a World Heritage Site and is the main component of two National Historic Sites of Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Acadians</span> Acadia viewed from a historical point of view

The Acadians are the descendants of 17th and 18th century French settlers in parts of Acadia in the northeastern region of North America comprising what is now the Canadian Maritime Provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, the Gaspé peninsula in eastern Québec, and the Kennebec River in southern Maine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of New Brunswick</span>

The history of New Brunswick covers the period from the arrival of the Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization, the lands encompassing present-day New Brunswick were inhabited for millennia by the several First Nations groups, most notably the Maliseet, Mi'kmaq, and the Passamaquoddy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Nova Scotia</span>

The history of Nova Scotia covers a period from thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization, the lands encompassing present-day Nova Scotia were inhabited by the Mi'kmaq people. During the first 150 years of European settlement, the region was claimed by France and a colony formed, primarily made up of Catholic Acadians and Mi'kmaq. This time period involved six wars in which the Mi'kmaq along with the French and some Acadians resisted the British invasion of the region: the French and Indian Wars, Father Rale's War and Father Le Loutre's War. During Father Le Loutre's War, the capital was moved from Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, to the newly established Halifax, Nova Scotia (1749). The warfare ended with the Burying the Hatchet ceremony (1761). After the colonial wars, New England Planters and Foreign Protestants immigrated to Nova Scotia. After the American Revolution, Loyalists immigrated to the colony. During the nineteenth century, Nova Scotia became self-governing in 1848 and joined the Canadian Confederation in 1867.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)</span> Battle of the Queen Annes War in 1711

The Battle of Bloody Creek was fought on 10/21 June 1711 during Queen Anne's War. An Abenaki militia successfully ambushed British soldiers at a place that became known as Bloody Creek after the battles fought there. The creek empties into the Annapolis River at present day Carleton Corner, Nova Scotia, and was also the location of a battle in 1757.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-Louis Le Loutre</span> Catholic priest, missionary & military leader (1709-1772)

Abbé Jean-Louis Le Loutre was a Catholic priest and missionary for the Paris Foreign Missions Society. Le Loutre became the leader of the French forces and the Acadian and Mi'kmaq militias during King George's War and Father Le Loutre's War in the eighteenth-century struggle for power between the French, Acadians, and Miꞌkmaq against the British over Acadia.

John Gorham was a New England Ranger and was the first significant British military presence on the frontier of Nova Scotia and Acadia to remain in the region for a substantial period after the Conquest of Acadia (1710). He established the famous "Gorham's Rangers". He also commissioned two armed vessels: the Anson and the Warren, who patrolled off Nova Scotia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of Nova Scotia</span> Provincial military history

Nova Scotia is a Canadian province located in Canada's Maritimes. The region was initially occupied by Mi'kmaq. The colonial history of Nova Scotia includes the present-day Maritime Provinces and the northern part of Maine, all of which were at one time part of Nova Scotia. In 1763, Cape Breton Island and St. John's Island became part of Nova Scotia. In 1769, St. John's Island became a separate colony. Nova Scotia included present-day New Brunswick until that province was established in 1784. During the first 150 years of European settlement, the colony was primarily made up of Catholic Acadians, Maliseet, and Mi'kmaq. During the last 75 years of this time period, there were six colonial wars that took place in Nova Scotia. After agreeing to several peace treaties, the long period of warfare ended with the Halifax Treaties (1761) and two years later, when the British defeated the French in North America (1763). During those wars, the Acadians, Mi'kmaq and Maliseet from the region fought to protect the border of Acadia from New England. They fought the war on two fronts: the southern border of Acadia, which New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine, and in Nova Scotia, which involved preventing New Englanders from taking the capital of Acadia, Port Royal and establishing themselves at Canso.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Annapolis Royal (1745)</span>

The siege of Annapolis Royal in 1745 involved the third of four attempts by the French, along with their Acadian and native allies, to regain the capital of Nova Scotia/Acadia, Annapolis Royal, during King George's War. During the siege William Pote was taken prisoner and wrote one of the rare captivity narratives that exist from Nova Scotia and Acadia.

William Pote was a British surveyor and ship captain who wrote one of the few captivity narratives from Acadia/Nova Scotia when he was captured by the Wabanaki Confederacy during King George's War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port-Royal (Acadia)</span> Historic settlement in modern-day Nova Scotia, Canada

Port Royal (1605–1713) was a historic settlement based around the upper Annapolis Basin in Nova Scotia, Canada, and the predecessor of the modern town of Annapolis Royal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of the Mi'kmaq</span> Militias of Mikmaq

The military history of the Mi'kmaq consisted primarily of Mi'kmaq warriors (smáknisk) who participated in wars against the English independently as well as in coordination with the Acadian militia and French royal forces. The Mi'kmaq militias remained an effective force for over 75 years before the Halifax Treaties were signed (1760–1761). In the nineteenth century, the Mi'kmaq "boasted" that, in their contest with the British, the Mi'kmaq "killed more men than they lost". In 1753, Charles Morris stated that the Mi'kmaq have the advantage of "no settlement or place of abode, but wandering from place to place in unknown and, therefore, inaccessible woods, is so great that it has hitherto rendered all attempts to surprise them ineffectual". Leadership on both sides of the conflict employed standard colonial warfare, which included scalping non-combatants. After some engagements against the British during the American Revolutionary War, the militias were dormant throughout the nineteenth century, while the Mi'kmaq people used diplomatic efforts to have the local authorities honour the treaties. After confederation, Mi'kmaq warriors eventually joined Canada's war efforts in World War I and World War II. The most well-known colonial leaders of these militias were Chief (Sakamaw) Jean-Baptiste Cope and Chief Étienne Bâtard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of the Acadians</span> Aspect of history

The military history of the Acadians consisted primarily of militias made up of Acadian settlers who participated in wars against the English in coordination with the Wabanaki Confederacy and French royal forces. A number of Acadians provided military intelligence, sanctuary, and logistical support to the various resistance movements against British rule in Acadia, while other Acadians remained neutral in the contest between the Franco–Wabanaki Confederacy forces and the British. The Acadian militias managed to maintain an effective resistance movement for more than 75 years and through six wars before their eventual demise. According to Acadian historian Maurice Basque, the story of Evangeline continues to influence historic accounts of the expulsion, emphasising Acadians who remained neutral and de-emphasising those who joined resistance movements. While Acadian militias were briefly active during the American Revolutionary War, the militias were dormant throughout the nineteenth century. After confederation, Acadians eventually joined the Canadian War efforts in World War I and World War II. The most well-known colonial leaders of these militias were Joseph Broussard and Joseph-Nicolas Gautier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military history of the Maliseet</span>

The Maliseet militia was made up of warriors from the Maliseet of northeastern North America. Along with the Wabanaki Confederacy, the French and Acadian militia, the Maliseet fought the British through six wars over a period of 75 years. They also mobilized against the British in the American Revolution. After confederation, Maliseet warriors eventually joined Canada's war efforts in World War I and World War II.

The de Gannes-Cosby House in the Annapolis Royal Historic District is the oldest wood framed building in Canada. It is also the world's oldest existing building in the Acadian style. It was built in 1708 by Major Louis-Joseph de Gannes de Falaise, a French nobleman and officer stationed at the French colony of Port Royal in what is today the province of Nova Scotia. The house is built on the foundations of an earlier house destroyed during the 1707 Siege of Port Royal. The core house was a simple wattle and daub construction, but has since been covered in wooden shingles and enlarged in the 19th and 20th centuries. It has been designated as a National Historic Site and is part of the Annapolis Royal Historic District.

References

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  47. ↑ Sinclair Inn/Farmer's Hotel . Canadian Register of Historic Places . Retrieved 25 August 2012.
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  75. ↑ "Membertou (Anli-Maopeltoog) National Historic Person". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  76. ↑ "Menou d'Aulnay, Charles de National Historic Person". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  77. ↑ "Vetch, Samuel National Historic Person". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  78. ↑ "Mascarene, Jean-Paul National Historic Person". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  79. ↑ "Cosby, Admiral Philipps National Historic Person". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  80. ↑ "Wolseley, William National Historic Person". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  81. ↑ Arthur Wentworth Hamilton East (2010). Chapters in the history of Halifax, Nova Scotia: Rhode Island Settlers in Hants County, Nova Scotia: Alexander McNutt the Colonizer. Nabu Press. p. 413. The most distinguished native of Annapolis Royal living in the nineteenth century was the Hon Sir William Williams, Bart, known from his distinguished services in the Crimean war as the 'hero of Kars'.
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