Cumberland County, Nova Scotia

Cumberland County Kwesomalegek (Mi'kmaq)
County
Municipality of the County of Cumberland
Flag
Location of Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
Coordinates: 45°42′N64°06′W / 45.7°N 64.1°W / 45.7; -64.1
Country	Canada
Province	Nova Scotia
Towns	Amherst / Oxford
Established	August 17, 1759
Incorporated	April 17, 1879
Named for	Prince William, Duke of Cumberland
Electoral Districts       Federal	Cumberland—Colchester
Provincial	Cumberland North / Cumberland South
Government
• Type	Cumberland County Municipal Council
• Mayor	Rod Gilroy
• MLA	Elizabeth Smith-McCrossin (Independent) Tory Rushton (PCNS)
• MP	Stephen Ellis (CPC)
Area [1]
• Land	4,275.77 km2 (1,650.88 sq mi)
Population  (2021) [1] [2]
• Total	30,538
• Density	7.1/km2 (18/sq mi)
• Change 2011-16	1.8%
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)
Area code	902
Dwellings	18,445
Median Income*	$38,433 CAD
Website	www.cumberland county.ns.ca
Median household income, 2005 (all households)

Cumberland County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

Cumberland was named in 1755 in honour of the Duke of Cumberland to replace Beausejour. The historic county was founded in 1759 when the English system of administration was installed to compliment settlement during the Charles Lawrence governorship, and was later divided at the partitioning of the province and in 1840. The area thrived in the 19th century with the development of lumbering, shipbuilding, and coal mining, but rural outmigration and deforestation led to some communities being abandoned in the 20th century. The county spans an area of 4,271.23 km² making it Nova Scotia's second largest county, with resources including extensive forest land, several mineral resources, and agricultural areas that concentrate on wild blueberry harvesting. As of the 2021 census, Cumberland County had a population of 30,538, with the majority residing in the Municipality of the County of Cumberland. The county includes two towns, Amherst and Oxford, and two large population centres, Parrsboro and Springhill.

History

The name Cumberland was applied by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Monckton to the captured Fort Beauséjour on June 18, 1755 in honour of the third son of King George II, William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, victor at Culloden in 1746 and Commander in Chief of the British forces. The Mi'kmaq name for the area was Kwesomalegek meaning "hardwood point".

Cumberland County was founded on August 17, 1759, the largest of Nova Scotia's five original administrative divisions. It included the Passamoquody, Wolastoq and Mi'kmaq nations north of the Bay of Fundy which formed the mainland part of the province and former Acadia, including all of what would become the province of New Brunswick. ^[3] . 1765 saw for the partitioning of Sunbury County, Nova Scotia out of the western-most part of Cumberland, roughly dividing the county in half along Passamoquody/Wolastoqiyuk and Mi'kmaq territorial lines.

At the partitioning of the province, Cumberland county was severed by the provincial boundary at Chignecto isthmus, where the county now forms the northern-most part of the Province.

When the Township of Parrsboro was divided in 1840, one part was annexed to Cumberland County and the other part annexed to Colchester.

The dividing line between Cumberland and Colchester was established in 1840. In 1897, a portion of the boundary line between the Counties of Colchester and Cumberland was fixed and defined. The county thrived in the 19th century with the development of lumbering, shipbuilding and coal mining. Deforestation and rural outmigration in the 20th century led to the abandonment of some communities such as Eatonville and New Yarmouth.

Geography

Cumberland county landscape at Fraserville with Spencers Island in background

The county has a total area of 4,271.23 km² (1,649.13 sq mi).

Cumberland County is rich in natural resources with extensive forest land supporting lumber mills and pulp contractors. It has many mineral resources, including 2 operating salt mines. Until the 1970s it also had several coal mines which extracted coal from seams that run from Joggins to River Hebert and on to Athol and Springhill.

Agriculture is concentrated on wild blueberry harvesting throughout the Cobequid Hills, as well as mixed farms located in the Tantramar Marshes region, the Northumberland Strait coastal plain, and the Wentworth Valley.

The northwestern edge of Cumberland County forms part of the Isthmus of Chignecto, the natural land bridge connecting the Nova Scotia peninsula to North America. As such, the county hosts several important transportation corridors, including Highway 104 (the Trans-Canada Highway) and CN Rail's Halifax-Montreal railway line. The county line bordering New Brunswick is around 30 kilometres long (18.5 miles). Cumberland is the only county in Nova Scotia that borders another province.

Two towns are located in Cumberland County: Amherst and Oxford. Parrsboro and Springhill both have populations exceeding 1000 people, but lack their own town governments.

Lakes

• Slade Lake

Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Cumberland County had a population of 30,538 living in 14,139 of its 18,363 total private dwellings, a change of 1.8% from its 2016 population of 30,005. With a land area of 4,275.77 km² (1,650.88 sq mi), it had a population density of 7.1/km² (18.5/sq mi) in 2021. ^[4]

Forming the majority of the Cumberland County census division, the Municipality of the County of Cumberland, including its Subdivisions A, B, C, and D, had a population of 19,964 living in 9,126 of its 12,988 total private dwellings, a change of 2.9% from its 2016 population of 19,402. With a land area of 4,253.04 km² (1,642.11 sq mi), it had a population density of 4.7/km² (12.2/sq mi) in 2021. ^[5]

Population trend [6] [7] Census Population Change (%) 2021 30,538 1.8% 2016 30,005 4.3% 2011 31,353 2.2% 2006 32,046 1.7% 2001 32,605 3.5% 1996 33,804 1.4% 1991 34,284 1.6% 1986 34,819 1.2% 1981 35,231 N/A 1941 39,476 1931 36,366 1921 41,191 1911 40,543 1901 36,168 1891 34,529 1881 27,368 1871 23,518 N/A

Mother tongue language (2011) [8] Language Population Pct (%) English only 29,645 97.32% French only 370 1.21% Non-official languages 345 1.13% Multiple responses 100 0.33%

Ethnic Groups (2006) [9] Ethnic Origin Population Pct (%) Canadian 14,580 46.8% English 12,385 39.7% Scottish 9,870 31.7% Irish 6,775 21.7% French 4,730 15.2% German 2,470 7.9% Dutch (Netherlands) 1,045 3.4% North American Indian 945 3.0%

Communities

Main article: List of communities in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia

Towns

• Amherst
• Oxford
• Parrsboro (unincorporated)
• Springhill (unincorporated)

Villages

• Pugwash
• River Hebert

County municipality and county subdivisions

• Municipality of the County of Cumberland
  • Cumberland Subdivision A
  • Cumberland Subdivision B
  • Cumberland Subdivision C
  • Cumberland Subdivision D

Highways

• Trunk 2
• Trunk 4
• Trunk 6
• Hwy 104 (TCH)
• Hwy 142
• Route 204
• Route 209
• Route 321

See also

• List of municipalities in Nova Scotia
• Central Nova Tourist Association — Tourism Association Representing Cumberland County.
• Royal eponyms in Canada
• Black Lake listings within Nova Scotia.

References

1. "Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Division". February 9, 2022.
2. Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data
3. Canning, Kerr (January 22, 2024). "Road to Cumberland".
4. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
5. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nova Scotia". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
6. "Canada Year Book 1943-44" (PDF). September 10, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2017.
7. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 census
8. Statistics Canada: 2011 census
9. "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada - Data table". April 2, 2008.

External links

• Cumberland County official site
• Photographs of the Cumberland County War Memorial monument, Amherst
• Photographs of historic monuments in Cumberland County