Jalalabad is the fifth-largest city of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 356,274,and serves as the capital of Nangarhar Province in the eastern part of the country,about 130 kilometres (80 mi) from the capital Kabul. Jalalabad is located at the junction of the Kabul River and the Kunar River in a plateau to the south of the Hindu Kush mountains. It is linked by the Kabul-Jalalabad Road to the west and Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan,to the east through Torkham and the Khyber Pass.
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is an Afghan politician,and former mujahideen leader and drug trafficker. He is the founder and current leader of the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin political party,so called after Mohammad Yunus Khalis split from Hezbi Islami in 1979 to found Hezb-i Islami Khalis. He twice served as prime minister during the 1990s.
Gul Agha Sherzai,also known as Mohammad Shafiq,is a politician and former warlord in Afghanistan. He is a former governor of Nangarhar province in eastern Afghanistan. He previously served as Governor of Kandahar province,in the early 1990s and from 2001 until 2003. In October 2013,Sherzai resigned from his post as governor and formally announced himself as a candidate for Afghanistan's 2014 Presidential Election,and served as the minister of border and tribal affairs until the Taliban captured Afghanistan again in 2021.
Kandahār is one of the thirty four provinces of Afghanistan,located in the southern part of the country,sharing a border with Pakistan,to the south. It is surrounded by Helmand in the west,Uruzgan in the north and Zabul Province in the east. Its capital is the city of Kandahar,which is Afghanistan's second largest city,which is located on the Arghandab River. The greater region surrounding the province is called Loy Kandahar. The Emir of Afghanistan sends orders to Kabul from Kandahar making it the de facto capital of Afghanistan,although the main government body operates in Kabul. All meetings with the Emir take place in Kandahar,meetings excluding the Emir are in Kabul.
Jamiat-e-Islami,sometimes shortened to Jamiat,is a predominantly Tajik political party and former paramilitary organisation in Afghanistan. It is the oldest and largest functioning political party in Afghanistan,and was originally formed as a student political society at Kabul University. It has a communitarian ideology based on Islamic law. During the Soviet–Afghan War and the following Afghan Civil War against the communist government,Jamiat-e Islami was one of the most powerful of the Afghan mujahideen groups. Burhanuddin Rabbani led the party from 1968 to 2011,and served as President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001,in exile from 1996.
Abdul Haq was an Afghan mujahideen commander who fought against the Soviet-backed People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan,the de facto Afghan government in the 1980s. He was killed by the Taliban in October 2001 while trying to create a popular uprising against the Taliban in Afghanistan in the wake of the September 11th attacks.
The 1989–1992 Afghan Civil War,also known as the FirstAfghan Civil War,took place between the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the end of the Soviet–Afghan War on 15 February 1989 until 27 April 1992,ending the day after the proclamation of the Peshawar Accords proclaiming a new interim Afghan government which was supposed to start serving on 28 April 1992.
The 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War,also known as the Second Afghan Civil War,took place between 28 April 1992—the date a new interim Afghan government was supposed to replace the Republic of Afghanistan of President Mohammad Najibullah—and the Taliban's occupation of Kabul establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 27 September 1996.
The following lists events that happened during 2004 in Afghanistan.
Mohammad Yousef Pashtun is an Afghan technocrat and politician. He served as Minister of Urban Development and Housing for two terms and as Governor of Kandahar province in 2003,replacing Gul Agha Sherzai under President Hamid Karzai's administration. In 2010,he was appointed as Senior Adviser to President Karzai on Construction,Mines,Water &Energy. In 2014,minister Pashtun continued to serve as Senior Adviser to President Ashraf Ghani. Yِousef Pashtun is also chairing the Kabul New City Development Authority Board.
Tourism in Afghanistan is regulated by the Ministry of Information and Culture. There are at least 350 tourism companies operating in Afghanistan. Tourism was at its peak before the 1978 Saur Revolution,which was followed by the decades of warfare. Between 2013 and 2016,Afghan embassies issued between 15,000 and 20,000 tourist visas annually. Following Taliban's return to power in August 2021,visitor numbers gradually increased from 691 in 2021 to 2,300 in 2022,reaching 7,000 in 2023.
The Afghan conflict is a term that refers to the series of events that have kept Afghanistan in a near-continuous state of armed conflict since the 1970s. Early instability followed the collapse of the Kingdom of Afghanistan in the largely non-violent 1973 coup d'état,which deposed Afghan monarch Mohammad Zahir Shah in absentia,ending his 40-year-long reign. With the concurrent establishment of the Republic of Afghanistan,headed by Mohammad Daoud Khan,the country's relatively peaceful and stable period in modern history came to an end. However,all-out fighting did not erupt until after 1978,when the Saur Revolution violently overthrew Khan's government and established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Subsequent unrest over the radical reforms that were being pushed by the then-ruling People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) led to unprecedented violence,prompting a large-scale pro-PDPA military intervention by the Soviet Union in 1979. In the ensuing Soviet–Afghan War,the anti-Soviet Afghan mujahideen received extensive support from Pakistan,the United States,and Saudi Arabia in a joint covert effort that was dubbed Operation Cyclone.
2003 in Afghanistan. A list of notable incidents in Afghanistan during 2003
The National Coalition of Afghanistan,was a political coalition in Afghanistan led by Abdullah Abdullah,Afghanistan's former foreign minister (2001–2005) and main challenger of President Hamid Karzai in the 2009 Afghan presidential elections. Abdullah Abdullah was a close friend of the Northern Alliance leader Ahmad Shah Massoud who was assassinated two days before the September 11 attacks.
Pakistan's principal intelligence and covert action agency,Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),has historically conducted a number of clandestine operations in its western neighbor,Afghanistan. ISI's covert support to militant jihadist insurgent groups in Afghanistan,the Pashtun-dominated former Federally Administered Tribal Areas,and Kashmir has earned it a wide reputation as the primary progenitor of many active South Asian jihadist groups.
Presidential elections were held in Afghanistan on 5 April 2014,with a second round held on 14 June. Incumbent President Hamid Karzai was not eligible to run due to term limits. The registration period for presidential nominations was open from 16 September 2013 until 6 October 2013. A total of 27 candidates were confirmed to be running for office. However,on 22 October Afghanistan's Independent Election Commission disqualified 16 of the candidates,leaving only 11 in the race. By April 2014 three candidates gave up the race and decided to support some of the eight remaining candidates. Opinion polls showed Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani as the front-runners and indeed the results of the first round of the election had Abdullah in the lead and Ghani behind him. The second set of results came after the run-off on 14 June,two months after the first round. Preliminary results were expected on 2 July and the final result on 22 July. However,widespread accusations of fraud delayed these results. As a result,John Kerry,then United States Secretary of State,mediated the negotiations between the two final candidates,Ghani and Abdullah. After a series of negotiations and talks between Ghani,Abdullah and Kerry,the two candidates agreed to sign an Agreement to form a National Unity Government based on 50–50 power sharing. As a result of that political agreement,a separate position was created for Abdullah as Chief Executive. The National Unity Government's term ran out after the next Afghan presidential election was held in September 2019.
The National United Party of Afghanistan is a political party in Afghanistan.
The following lists events from 2014 in Afghanistan.
The Battle of Jalalabad,also known as Operation Jalalabad or the Jalalabad War,occurred in the spring of 1989,marking the beginning of the Afghan Civil War. The Peshawar-based Seven-Party Union,supported by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence,attacked Jalalabad,which was then under the administration of the Soviet-backed Republic of Afghanistan. Though the mujahideen quickly captured the Jalalabad Airport and Samarkhel,the former base of the Soviet 66th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade,the Afghan Armed Forces recaptured them and claimed victory.
General Abdul Jabar Qahraman was an Afghan military officer,warlord and politician who came to prominence for his ability to mobilize large amounts of men to join his pro-government militias. Qahraman played a significant role in Afghan politics in the late 1980s and early 90s. He transitioned from a militia leader to a party leader in the 2010s. Qahraman was assassinated by the Taliban on October 18,2018.
Afghanistan 
Afghan Army 
Lieutenant General