Liechtenstein is a principality governed under a semi-constitutional monarchy. It has a form of mixed constitution in which political power is shared by the monarch and a democratically elected parliament. There is a two-party system and a form of representative democracy in which the prime minister and head of government is responsible to parliament. However the Prince of Liechtenstein is head of state and exercises considerable political powers.
The principality of Liechtenstein is divided into eleven municipalities, most consisting of only a single town. Five of the Gemeinden fall within the electoral district of Unterland, while the other six are within the Oberland.
Elections in Liechtenstein take place at a national level within a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. The Landtag of Liechtenstein has 25 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in two multi-seat constituencies.
The Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein, commonly referred to as the Landtag of Liechtenstein, is the unicameral parliament of Liechtenstein.
A referendum on the introduction of women's suffrage in national elections was held in Liechtenstein on 1 July 1984. Following the introduction of female suffrage in neighbouring Switzerland at the federal level after a referendum in 1971, Liechtenstein had been the only remaining European country to deny women the right to vote. Referendums had been held in 1968, 1971 and 1973, but on each occasion men had rejected its introduction, despite the support of newspapers and both major political parties. Nevertheless, some municipalities had since introduced female suffrage at a local level, starting with Vaduz in 1976, and women had been elected to the local councils of Vaduz and Gamprin in 1983.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 11 March 1918, with a second round on 18 March. They were the first elections held in the country contested by political parties, as the Christian-Social People's Party and Progressive Citizens' Party had been founded that year. The Progressive Citizens' Party emerged as the largest in the Landtag, winning seven of the 12 elected seats.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 5 February 1922, with a second round on 16 February. They were the first elections held under the 1921 constitution, which resulted in some changes to the electoral system. The result was a victory for the opposition Christian-Social People's Party, which won 11 of the 15 seats.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 3 February 2013, using a proportional representation system. Four parties contested the elections; the centre-right Patriotic Union (VU) and Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), centre-left Free List (FL) and newly created populist alliance The Independents (DU).
Unterland, meaning "lower land", is one of the two electoral districts of Liechtenstein. The district's administrative seat is the town of Schellenberg, due to its historical existence as the Lordship of Schellenberg. It has 10 seats in the Landtag.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 30 April 1877, with a second round on 18 October. The election was called following the dissolution of the Landtag due to a currency crisis in the country. The Landtag election that took place on 30 April was suspended and did not resume until 18 October.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 15 and 16 May 1878. New elections were called after the Landtag was dissolved as part of the compromise between the representatives of the Oberland and Unterland regions during the 1877 general election.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 2 and 3 May 1882.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 19 and 20 April 1886.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 12 and 16 April 1890.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 16 and 17 May 1894.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 11 and 12 May 1898.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 3 and 4 September 1902.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 28 and 30 July 1906.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein 2 and 4 August 1910.
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 30 September 1914 and 2 October 1914.
