Oeneis nevadensis | |
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Male O. n. nevadensis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Nymphalidae |
Genus: | Oeneis |
Species group: | Oeneis (bore) |
Species: | O. nevadensis |
Binomial name | |
Oeneis nevadensis | |
Synonyms | |
Oeneis nevadensis is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is commonly known as the great Arctic, Nevada Arctic, great grayling, Felder's Arctic, or Pacific Arctic. It is native to northwestern North America. [2] [3]
The wingspan of the great Arctic measures 2 to 2.5 inches (5.1 to 6.3 cm), making it the largest western Arctic. [4] O. n. nevadensis is bright orange brown on the upper side of the wings. The dark brown wing margins are scalloped. Males have one to two black eyespots on the forewing; females have two to three. [3] Males have a large, dark patch of sex scales on the forewing, extending from the basal area to near the apex. [2] [3] Females have dark scaling on the basal area of the forewing. Both sexes have a small eyespot near the hindwing tornus. The underside of the forewing is similar to the upper side. [2] [3] The ventral hindwing is uniformly striated dark brown and gray. Some populations have an irregular dark median band on the hindwing. [4] The costa is whitish. O. n. gigas is slightly larger and darker than the nominate subspecies. O. n. iduna differs from the other two subspecies in having a much paler upperside. [2] [3]
The great Arctic is found almost exclusively in the Cascade Mountains, from southern British Columbia to northern California. [3] O. n. gigas is found on the southern tip of Vancouver Island. [1] O. n. iduna is found in northern coastal California. [1] [2] The great Arctic is found from sea level to 7,000 feet (2,100 m). Habitats include forest clearings, open pinewoods, gravel roads, meadows, slopes, and canyons. Along the coast, it is commonly found on bare mountain summits. [3]
The great Arctic is seen from early May to late September, but only every two years (mostly even numbered) due to its long life cycle. [3] O. n. gigas is seen on odd numbered years. [3]
The whitish egg is oblong and flat topped. [4] The caterpillar is tan with a black lateral dorsal stripe. The sides of the caterpillar are striped with brown, greenish brown, and white. [3] The head lacks horns, and the posterior end of the abdomen is forked. [5] The caterpillar overwinters partially grown in its first year, and overwinters in its second year as a fifth instar. [5] The host plant for the great Arctic is unknown, but is believed to be in the family Poaceae. [3] [4]
Papilio glaucus, the eastern tiger swallowtail, is a species of butterfly native to eastern North America. It is one of the most familiar butterflies in the eastern United States, ranging north to southern Ontario, Canada, and is common in many different habitats. It flies from spring until fall, during which it produces two to three broods. Adults feed on the nectar of many species of flowers, mostly from those of the families Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. P. glaucus has a wingspan measuring 7.9 to 14 cm. The male is yellow with four black "tiger stripes" on each forewing. Females may be either yellow or black, making them dimorphic. The yellow morph is similar to the male, but with a conspicuous band of blue spots along the hindwing, while the dark morph is almost completely black.
The meadow brown is a butterfly found in the Palearctic realm. Its range includes Europe south of 62°N, Russia eastwards to the Urals, Asia Minor, Iraq, Iran, North Africa and the Canary Islands. The larvae feed on grasses.
The mottled beauty is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Lycaena phlaeas, the small copper, American copper, or common copper, is a butterfly of the Lycaenids or gossamer-winged butterfly family. According to Guppy and Shepard (2001), its specific name phlaeas is said to be derived either from the Greek φλέγω (phlégo), "to burn up", or from the Latin floreo, "to flourish".
The Niobe fritillary is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
The Scotch argus is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. In spite of its English name argus, it is not a close relation of the brown argus nor the northern brown argus.
Smerinthus ocellatus, the eyed hawk-moth, is a European moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Erebia euryale, the large ringlet, is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Nymphalidae.
Erebia ligea, the Arran brown, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. This brown is widespread in south-eastern and northern Europe. It prefers mixed woodlands at low altitudes. It is rarely seen in open areas. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae, and the type locality is Sweden.
Erebia medusa, the woodland ringlet, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae.
The common wood-nymph is a North American species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is also known as the wood-nymph, grayling, blue-eyed grayling, and the goggle eye.
The Arctic ringlet or Disa alpine is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of family Nymphalidae. It is associated with wet muskeg and bogs in subarctic and Arctic climates, and is often found near the tree-line. The larva overwinters twice before undergoing metamorphosis into an adult. It is found in Arctic Europe, Arctic European Russia, Sajan, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Yablonoi and Arctic North America.
Morpho deidamia, the Deidamia morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly. It is found in Panama, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Suriname, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil. It is a species group, which may be, or may not be several species. Many subspecies have been described.
Hipparchia fagi, the woodland grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Boloria bellona, the meadow fritillary, is a North American butterfly in the brushfoot family, Nymphalidae. The common name, meadow fritillary, is also used for a European butterfly species, Melitaea parthenoides.
Oeneis chryxus, the chryxus Arctic or brown Arctic, is a butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae found in the far northwest regions of Canada and the United States. The brown Arctic has highly variable colorings, which tend toward light yellow to orange brown wings that help camouflage it against its mountainous rocky habitat. The larvae feed on local grasses and take two years to develop. This longer development period results in flights of adult brown Arctics only once every two years. The butterflies feed on nectar from various plants as their primary food source.
Ancyloxypha numitor, the least skipper, is a North American butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. They have a weak, Satyrinae-like flight.
Papilio palamedes, the Palamedes swallowtail or laurel swallowtail, is a North American butterfly in the family Papilionidae.
Oeneis alpina, the sentinel Arctic or Eskimo Arctic, is a species of butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae. It occurs in Siberia and the northern parts of North America.
Oeneis macounii, the Canada Arctic or Macoun's Arctic, is a butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae that occurs in North America.