Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus, the Van loach, is a species of stone loach endemic to the Lake Van basin in Eastern Turkey.
Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis, the Samanti loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Nemacheilidae. It is found only in Turkey. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Oxynoemacheilus insignis is a species of stone loach It is restricted to the Damascus basin in Syria and to the Jordan-Dead Sea basin in Syria, Israel and Jordan. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by the drying up of the rivers and streams in which it is found, caused by overuse, damming and less rainfall, as well as by pollution. In Syria it has been extirpated from the Barada and can now only be found in the upper reaches of the Awaj to the west of Damascus. It is a highly variable species and different populations can differ from their neighbouring populations that in the past they have been described as species or subspecies and this has led to a large number of synonyms for Oxynoemacheilus insignis.
Oxynoemacheilus leontinae is a species of stone loach found in the Jordan and Litani river systems in Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. Its natural habitat is slow moving rivers.
Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus also known as the Galilean Stone Loach is a species of stone loach in the family Nemacheilidae native to Israel and Syria.
Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis, the Elbistan loach, is a species of Cypriniformes fish in the stone loach genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is found in moderately fast flowing streams with gravel or rocky beds and is known only from the Elbistan in upper drainage of the Ceyhan River in south eastern Turkey.
Oxynoemacheilus hamwii, the Orontes sportive loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the headwaters of the Orontes River but is now restricted to three streams in the Turkish part of the drainage, two joining the lower Orontes in Turket and the third flowing into the Afrin River in Syria, and has been extirpated from Syria. It was described as being very common in the late 20th century, but it is sensitive to pollution and requires clear, flowing streams over mud or gravel. The drainage of the Orontes is heavily used by humans and lower rainfall in the region caused by climate change may exacerbate the threat to this species by increasing the amount of water taken from the streams by humans and by lowering the water table.
Oxynoemacheilus bergianus, the Kura sportive loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in Lake Urumiyeh and Namak Lake basins in Iran, in the southern Caspian basin from Kura east to the Sefid-Rud drainage. It can also be found in the headwaters of Tigris in Turkey, Iraq and in Karoun, Iran as well as those of the Euphrates in Turkey and possibly in Syria and Iraq. It lives in fast flowing streams and rivers with gravel and rocky substrates and does not tolerate impoundments, dam construction having been identified as a major potential threat to this species.
The Kura loach, also known as the Caspian sportive loach, is an Asian species of freshwater fish, occurring in the drainage basin of the Kura in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Iran. It prefers fast to very fast flowing streams and rivers which have a gravel or rocky substrate and is most frequently recorded among riffles and rapids in the middle of stream. It is widespread and locally abundant but populations have been lost due to the construction of dams for hydroelectric power and for abstraction. The specific bane honours the German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802-1879), who provided Karl Kessler with most of the specimens he used to describe this species.
Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma, the two-spot loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the drainage of the Queiq River in Syria and Turkey, and the upper Euphrates drainage in Turkey and possibly in this drainage in Syria and Iraq. It has almost been extirpated from the Queiq as this river has virtually dried out but it remains abundant in the Euphrates. This species can be found in a wide range of habitats as long as there is a moderately fast current from small upland streams to banks of large rivers. It can also occur in stagnant water bodies such as reservoirs. It is threatened by water abstraction, lowering rainfall due to climate change and the construction of dams. The economic development of the area where this species occurs exacerbates these threats. Freyhof and Özuluǧ published a paper in 2017 that argued that Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus was a valid species and not a synonym of O. argyrogramma.
Oxynoemacheilus frenatus, the banded Tigris loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is widespread in the upper drainage basin of the Tigris in Turkey, Syria and Iraq where it can be locally very common. It can be found in habitats varying from streams with a moderately fast current to near standing waters in springs, streams and rivers which have beds of gravel or mud.
Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi, the Paphlagonian loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is found in the Kizilirmak and Yeşilırmak drainages in northern Anatolia, Turkey. It lives in waters which vary from those with a moderately fast flow to almost still waters and prefers muddy or gravel substrates, It remains abundant and widespread within the two drainage systems in which it occurs but it is suspected that a number f populations may have declined or been made locally extinct by the increasing construction of small hydro-electric dams.
Oxynoemacheilus panthera, the tiger loach or the Damascus loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It occurs in only two streams, the Nahr Baradá and Nahr al-A‘waj in the Damascus basin in Syria. It is thought that over 90% of the populations of this species of stone loach have been lost due to water abstraction and the drying up of its native watercourses, exacerbated by lower rainfall levels.
Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis, the Mancilik dwarf loach, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This species is endemic to the Mancilik, Cetinkaya and Kalkam streams at the headwaters of the Euphrates in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It may have been extirpated from the Mancilik after none were found at the type locality in 2008, but it was found to be abundant at another locality on the same stream in 2009. Its preferred habitat is small streams with gravel beds and a moderately fast current.
Oxynoemacheilus tigris, the Tigris loach or Halap loach, is a species of stone loach from the genus Oxynoemacheilus. This critically endangered species is endemic to the Queiq River in Turkey where it occurs ins a short stretch of stream between two reservoirs. It formerly occurred in Syria but it has been local extinction from the Syrian portion of the Queiq. This species is threatened by water abstraction and the increased frequency of droughts caused by climate change, most of the Queiq has already been desiccated. It is, however, abundant in the area it is known from where it can be found in reaches of gravel or mud substrate with moderately fast flowing to near standing water.
Angora loach is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Nemacheilidae. It is found in Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. It is found in Sea of Marmara and Black Sea from Simav east to Kızılırmak River drainages and drainages of Ilgin, Lake Akşehir and Lake Eber.
Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus, the Burdur loach, is a species of stone loach in the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It has been only recorded from three spring fed streams which used to drain into Lake Burdur in south-western Anatolia, Turkey. Its habitat is streams with a slow current flowing through dense aquatic vegetation over a bed of sand, mud or gravel. It is still found in the three streams and in one it is said to be abundant but it is still threatened by water extraction, pollution and dam construction. In addition, waterbodies in the area it is found in are drying out because of climate change and unsustainable extraction of water for human use.
Oxynoemacheilus banarescui, the Paphlagonian sportive loach, is a species of stone loach from the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is endemic to the Filyos River in northern Turkey where it is currently widespread and abundant. However, the population appears to be declining and the causes of this are thought to be increased development of the drainage basin and the construction of new dams. This species prefers fast flowing streams with rocky or gravel bottoms and cannot survive in reservoirs, although the dams on the Fliyos are for flood control and not to create reservoirs and their impact on this species is unknown. The specific name honours Petre Mihai Bănărescu (1921-2009), a Romanian ichthyologist.
Oxynoemacheilus cyri, the Göle loach or banded Kura loach, is a species of stone loach from the genus Oxynoemacheilus. It is endemic to the Kura drainage in northern Turkey where it is currently locally abundant. This species occurs in high mountain streams with fast flowing currents. The specific name derives from the classical name for the Kura, "Cyrus".
Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki, the medil loach, is a species of stome loach which is found in the Göksu, a right hand tributary of the Euphrates in southeast Anatolia, Turkey.
