PIR (gene)

PIR
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4ERO, 4EWD, 4GUL, 1J1L, 4EWA, 4HLT, 3ACL, 4EWE
Identifiers
Aliases	PIR , pirin
External IDs	OMIM: 300931; MGI: 1916906; HomoloGene: 2717; GeneCards: PIR; OMA:PIR - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human) [1] Band Xp22.2 Start 15,384,799 bp [1] End 15,493,564 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse) [2] Band X|X F5 Start 163,052,367 bp [2] End 163,156,007 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in C1 segment gonad right lung right adrenal gland right adrenal cortex urinary bladder olfactory zone of nasal mucosa left adrenal gland left adrenal cortex islet of Langerhans Top expressed in esophagus lumbar spinal ganglion olfactory epithelium embryo left lobe of liver lip right lung conjunctival fornix transitional epithelium of urinary bladder right lung lobe More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function oxidoreductase activity protein binding transcription coregulator activity dioxygenase activity metal ion binding quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus cytosol nucleoplasm Biological process myeloid cell differentiation regulation of transcription, DNA-templated monocyte differentiation transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription, DNA-templated digestion regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8544 69656 Ensembl ENSG00000087842 ENSMUSG00000031379 UniProt O00625 Q9D711 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003662 NM_001018109 NM_001301402 NM_027153 RefSeq (protein) NP_001018119 NP_003653 NP_001288331 NP_081429 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 15.38 – 15.49 Mb Chr X: 163.05 – 163.16 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Pirin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIR gene. ^{[5] [6]}

This gene encodes a member of the cupin superfamily. The encoded protein is a Fe(II)-containing nuclear protein expressed in all tissues of the body and concentrated within dot-like subnuclear structures. Interactions with nuclear factor I/CCAAT box transcription factor as well as B cell lymphoma 3-encoded oncoprotein suggest the encoded protein may act as a transcriptional cofactor and be involved in the regulation of DNA transcription and replication. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. ^[6]

Interactions

PIR (gene) has been shown to interact with BCL3. ^[7]

Pirin in Bacteria

The pir gene is conserved in both bacteria and eukaryotes. In Pseudomonas stutzeri this protein exhibited quercetinase activity. ^[8] In Streptomyces ambofaciens , a strain known to produce the antibiotic spiramycin, the pirA gene regulates the AcdB enzyme that catalyzes one of the first steps of beta-oxidation. ^[9] Loss of the pirA gene causes a metabolic imbalance that reduces the amount of antibiotic produced. ^[9] AcdB produces oxygen free radicals that influence the activity of PirA ^[10] . PirA of Streptomyces ambofaciens has been shown to regulate the response to oxidative stress by binding to CatR ^[10] , the catalase A regulator, thereby linking oxidative stress to beta-oxidation regulation.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087842 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031379 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Wendler WM, Kremmer E, Forster R, Winnacker EL (May 1997). "Identification of pirin, a novel highly conserved nuclear protein". J Biol Chem. 272 (13): 8482–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.13.8482 . PMID   9079676.
6. "Entrez Gene: PIR pirin (iron-binding nuclear protein)".
7. Dechend, R; Hirano F; Lehmann K; Heissmeyer V; Ansieau S; Wulczyn F G; Scheidereit C; Leutz A (Jun 1999). "The Bcl-3 oncoprotein acts as a bridging factor between NF-kappaB/Rel and nuclear co-regulators". Oncogene. 18 (22): 3316–23. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202717 . ISSN   0950-9232. PMID   10362352.
8. Widiatningrum, Talitha; Maeda, Sorato; Kataoka, Kunishige; Sakurai, Takeshi (2015-08-07). "A pirin-like protein from Pseudomonas stutzeri and its quercetinase activity". Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports. 3: 144–149. doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.08.001. ISSN   2405-5808. PMC   5668851 . PMID   29124178.
9. Talà, Adelfia; Damiano, Fabrizio; Gallo, Giuseppe; Pinatel, Eva; Calcagnile, Matteo; Testini, Mariangela; Fico, Daniela; Rizzo, Daniela; Sutera, Alberto; Renzone, Giovanni; Scaloni, Andrea; De Bellis, Gianluca; Siculella, Luisa; De Benedetto, Giuseppe Egidio; Puglia, Anna Maria (July 2018). "Pirin: A novel redox-sensitive modulator of primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces". Metabolic Engineering. 48: 254–268. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2018.06.008. ISSN   1096-7184. PMID   29944936.
10. Calcagnile, Matteo; Damiano, Fabrizio; Talà, Adelfia; Alifano, Pietro (2025-12-01). "Pirin, a redox-sensitive modulator of beta-oxidation, generates hydroxyl radicals and interacts with CatR, the transcriptional repressor of the major vegetative catalase gene in Streptomyces". Microbiological Research. 301: 128310. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2025.128310. ISSN   0944-5013.

Further reading

• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID   16189514. S2CID   4427026.
• Adams M, Jia Z (2005). "Structural and biochemical analysis reveal pirins to possess quercetinase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (31): 28675–82. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M501034200 . PMID   15951572.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, et al. (2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC   442148 . PMID   15231748.
• Pang H, Bartlam M, Zeng Q, et al. (2004). "Crystal structure of human pirin: an iron-binding nuclear protein and transcription cofactor". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2): 1491–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M310022200 . PMID   14573596.
• Zeng Q, Li X, Bartlam M, et al. (2004). "Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human pirin". Acta Crystallogr. D. 59 (Pt 8): 1496–8. doi:10.1107/S0907444903012289. PMID   12876364.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Dechend R, Hirano F, Lehmann K, et al. (1999). "The Bcl-3 oncoprotein acts as a bridging factor between NF-kappaB/Rel and nuclear co-regulators". Oncogene. 18 (22): 3316–23. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202717 . PMID   10362352.