PRM2

PRM2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2AWR
Identifiers
Aliases	PRM2 , CT94.2, protamine 2
External IDs	OMIM: 182890; MGI: 97766; GeneCards: PRM2; OMA:PRM2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human) [1] Band 16p13.13 Start 11,275,639 bp [1] End 11,276,480 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse) [2] Band 16 A1|16 5.84 cM Start 10,609,244 bp [2] End 10,613,998 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right testis male germ cell left testis sperm testicle caput epididymis right coronary artery tail of epididymis ectocervix right uterine tube Top expressed in seminiferous tubule spermatid spermatocyte morula zygote blastocyst primary oocyte secondary oocyte muscle tissue striated muscle tissue More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding zinc ion binding cadmium ion binding Cellular component nucleosome nucleus nucleoplasm chromosome Biological process multicellular organism development cell differentiation chromosome condensation nucleus organization spermatid development spermatogenesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5620 19119 Ensembl ENSG00000122304 ENSMUSG00000038015 UniProt P04554 P07978 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001286356 NM_001286357 NM_001286358 NM_001286359 NM_002762 NM_008933 RefSeq (protein) NP_001273285 NP_001273286 NP_001273287 NP_001273288 NP_002753 NP_032959 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 11.28 – 11.28 Mb Chr 16: 10.61 – 10.61 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Protamine 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRM2 gene. ^[5]

Function

Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, and are the major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in many vertebrates. They package the sperm DNA into a highly condensed complex in a volume less than 5% of a somatic cell nucleus.

Many mammalian species have only one protamine (protamine 1); however, a few species, including human and mouse, have two. This gene encodes protamine 2, which is cleaved to give rise to a family of protamine 2 peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015].

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000122304 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038015 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: Protamine 2" . Retrieved 2020-03-17.

Further reading

• Friel A, Houghton JA, Glennon M, Lavery R, Smith T, Nolan A, Maher M (February 2002). "A preliminary report on the implication of RT-PCR detection of DAZ, RBMY1, USP9Y and Protamine-2 mRNA in testicular biopsy samples from azoospermic men". International Journal of Andrology. 25 (1): 59–64. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00326.x . PMID   11869379.
• Zhang J, Webb DM, Podlaha O (December 2002). "Accelerated protein evolution and origins of human-specific features: Foxp2 as an example". Genetics. 162 (4): 1825–35. doi:10.1093/genetics/162.4.1825. PMC   1462353 . PMID   12524352.
• Tanaka H, Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, Matsumiya K, Okuyama A, Nishimune Y (February 2003). "Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the protamine-1 and -2 genes of fertile and infertile human male populations". Molecular Human Reproduction. 9 (2): 69–73. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gag010 . PMID   12569175.
• Nasr-Esfahani MH, Salehi M, Razavi S, Mardani M, Bahramian H, Steger K, Oreizi F (December 2004). "Effect of protamine-2 deficiency on ICSI outcome". Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 9 (6): 652–8. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61776-2 . PMID   15670415.
• Torregrosa N, Domínguez-Fandos D, Camejo MI, Shirley CR, Meistrich ML, Ballescà JL, Oliva R (August 2006). "Protamine 2 precursors, protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio, DNA integrity and other sperm parameters in infertile patients". Human Reproduction. 21 (8): 2084–9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/del114 . PMID   16632464.
• Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT (November 2006). "Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility". Fertility and Sterility. 86 (5): 1416–22. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033 . PMID   16989827.
• Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT (November 2006). "Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility". Fertility and Sterility. 86 (5): 1416–22. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033 . PMID   16989827.
• Aoki VW, Liu L, Jones KP, Hatasaka HH, Gibson M, Peterson CM, Carrell DT (November 2006). "Sperm protamine 1/protamine 2 ratios are related to in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates and predictive of fertilization ability". Fertility and Sterility. 86 (5): 1408–15. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.024 . PMID   17011555.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.