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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Initially classified as Bacterium bookeri, then renamed Pseudomonas maltophilia, S. maltophilia was also grouped in the genus Xanthomonas before eventually becoming the type species of the genus Stenotrophomonas in 1993.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature. It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism that she named Flavobacterium meningosepticum. In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus Chryseobacterium and renamed Chryseobacterium meningosepticum(chryseos = "golden" in Greek, so Chryseobacterium means a golden/yellow rod similar to Flavobacterium). In 2005, a 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacteria showed that C. meningosepticum along with C. miricola were close to each other but outside the tree of the rest of the Chryseobacteria and were then placed in a new genus Elizabethkingia named after the original discoverer of F. meningosepticum.
Burkholderia cenocepacia is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in soil and water environments and may also be associated with plants and animals, particularly as a human pathogen. It is one of over 20 species in the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and is notable due to its virulence factors and inherent antibiotic resistance that render it a prominent opportunistic pathogen responsible for life-threatening, nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease. The quorum sensing systems CepIR and CciIR regulate the formation of biofilms and the expression of virulence factors such as siderophores and proteases. Burkholderia cenocepacia may also cause disease in plants, such as in onions and bananas. Additionally, some strains serve as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium that are commonly grouped because they infect humans together; this group, in turn, is part of the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. These bacteria cause Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections or Mycobacterium avium complex infections in humans. These bacteria are common and are found in fresh and salt water, in household dust and in soil. MAC bacteria usually cause infection in those who are immunocompromised or those with severe lung disease.
Aerococcus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria). The genus was first identified in 1953 from samples of air and dust as a catalase-negative, gram-positive coccus that grew in small clusters. They were subsequently found in hospital environments and meat-curing brines. It has been difficult to identify as it resembles alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus on blood agar plates and is difficult to identify by biochemical means. Sequencing of 16S rRNA has become the gold standard for identification, but other techniques such as MALDI-TOF have also been useful for identifying both the genus and species.
Comamonas kerstersii is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with multitrichous polar flagella from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae. C. kerstersii is a subgroup of Comamonas terrigena, and has been linked to cases of perforated appendices.
Pelomonas aquatica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Pelomonas in the family Comamonadaceae. Colonies of P. aquatica are yellowish in color and dark and opaque.
Cupriavidus gilardii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Cupriavidus and the family Burkholderiaceae. It is motil by a single polar flagellum. It is named after G. L. Gilardi, an American microbiologist. The organism was initially identified as Ralstonia gilardii in 1999, renamed Wautersiella gilardii, and most recently moved into the genus Cupriavidus after 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed it to be most closely related to Cupriavidus necator. Notably, species of this genus are not inhibited by copper due to the production of chelation factors, and may actually be stimulated by the presence of copper.
Cupriavidus pauculus is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae isolated from water from ultrafiltration systems and bottled mineral water. C. pauculus is associated with human infections.
Cupriavidus respiraculi is a Gram-negative, nonfermenting bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae. It has been isolated from cystic fibrosis patients.
Lautropia mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium of the genus Lautropia and family Burkholderiaceae, isolated from the mouth of children who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Limnobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria. Limnobacter species have the ability to oxidize thiosulfate.
Pandoraea is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria.
Pandoraea pnomenusa is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Pandoraea.
Pandoraea pulmonicola is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum, of the genus Pandoraea. P. pulmonicola has been isolated from respiratory samples of patients with cystic fibrosis and other respiratory diseases. P. pulmonicola is a part of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, which is a group of bacteria commonly associated with infections in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Pandoraea sputorum is a Gram-negative, nonfermenting bacterium of the genus Pandoraea, isolated from the sputum of a patient who suffered on cystic fibrosis. P. sputorum can deteriorate the lung function if it is not treated.
Inquilinus limosus is a bacterium first isolated from cystic fibrosis patients' lungs, and is rarely observed elsewhere, prompting extensive research into its biology.
Dechloromonas denitrificans is a gram negative, N2O-producing motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Dechloromonas which was isolated from the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Colonies of Dechloromonas denitrificans are yellowish colored.
Legionella lansingensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from a patient with pneumonia through bronchoscopy.
References
- ↑ List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/pandoraea
- ↑ Straininfo of Pandoraea apista http://www.straininfo.net/strains/47273
- ↑ International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology http://ijsb.sgmjournals.org/content/50/2/887.full.pdf%5B%5D
- ↑ eol http://eol.org/pages/98285/overview
- ↑ Journal of Medical Microbiology http://eprints.nuim.ie/4084/1/KK_Virulence.pdf
- ↑ International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology http://ijsb.sgmjournals.org/content/50/2/887.full.pdf%5B%5D
- ↑ Jørgensen, IM; Johansen, HK; Frederiksen, B; Pressler, T; Hansen, A; Vandamme, P; Høiby, N; Koch, C (2003). "Epidemic spread of Pandoraea apista, a new pathogen causing severe lung disease in cystic fibrosis patients". Pediatr. Pulmonol. 36 (5): 439–46. doi:10.1002/ppul.10383. PMID 14520728.
- ↑ Atkinson, RM; Lipuma, JJ; Rosenbluth, DB; Dunne, WM (2006). "Chronic colonization with Pandoraea apista in cystic fibrosis patients determined by repetitive-element-sequence PCR". J. Clin. Microbiol. 44 (3): 833–6. doi:10.1128/JCM.44.3.833-836.2006. PMC 1393148 . PMID 16517862.
- ↑ BioInfBank Libraay http://lib.bioinfo.pl/paper:14520728
- ↑ Journal of Clinical Microbiology http://jcm.asm.org/content/44/3/833.full
