Pandosentis

Pandosentis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Acanthocephala
Class:	Eoacanthocephala
Order:	Neoechinorhynchida
Family:	Neoechinorhynchidae
Subfamily:	Gracilisentinae
Genus:	Pandosentis Van Cleave, 1920
Synonyms [1]
Pandoncentis Travassos, 1926

Pandosentis is a genus in Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms).

Taxonomy

The genus was described by Van Cleve in 1920. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on Pandosentis that would confirm its position as a unique order in the family Neoechinorhynchidae. ^[2]

Description

Pandosentis species consist of a proboscis covered in hooks and a trunk.

Species

The genus PandosentisVan Cleve, 1920 contains two species.

• Pandosentis iracundusVan Cleve, 1920
• Pandosentis napoensisSmales, 2007 ^[3]

Distribution

The distribution of Pandosentis is determined by that of its hosts.

Hosts

Life cycle of Acanthocephala.

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Pandosentis are ???. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Pandosentis. ^[6]

Pandosentis parasitizes Gunther's banded tree frog (Boana fasciata). There are no reported cases of Pandosentis infesting humans in the English language medical literature. ^[5]

• Hosts for Pandosentis species
• 
  Gunther's banded tree frog is the host for P. napoensis

Notes

1. There are no known aberrant human infections for Pandosentis species. ^[5]

References

1. "Pandosentis". Global Biodiversity Information Facility . Retrieved 7 April 2024.
2. Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
3. Smales, L. R. (2007). Acanthocephalans of Amphibians and Reptiles (Anura and Squamata) from Ecuador, with the description of Pandosentis napoensis n. sp (Neoechinorhynchidae) from Hyla fasciata. Zootaxa, 1445(1), 49-56.
4. CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (11 April 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
5. Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC   8525584 . PMID   34076470.
6. Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.