| Torquatus swallowtail | |
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| Species: | P. torquatus |
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| Papilio torquatus Cramer, 1777 | |
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Papilio torquatus, the torquatus swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly in the subfamily Papilioninae. It is found from northern Argentina to Mexico.
The wingspan is 75–80 millimetres (3.0–3.1 in).
P. torquatus. male: the band of the forewing is interrupted between the 2. and 3. radial, rarely there is a yellow spot almost filling up the gap; on the under surface of the hindwing a row of red discal spots, of which the last is placed proximally to the last submarginal spot. The female very different from the male, resembling certain Aristolochia-Papilios which occur together with it; wings brown-black, with or without white patches on the forewing; hindwing above with two rows of red spots, the proximal row incomplete, some of the spots merged together in pairs into 2 or 3 large patches. The anal tergite of the male spatulate; the harpe broad, denticulate. Larva shiny, as if polished (which is also the case in all the allied species), mottled with light colour, with irregular pale patch before the middle; the colour of bird-droppings. The butterfly is found in forests and in their neighbourhood; the female is a true woodland species, like the Aristolochia-Papilios whose dress it wears, whilst the males disport themselves more in open, sunny localities. Mexico to Brazil, not known from the temperate part of South America (South Brazil, Argentina). — tolus Godin, & Salv.male: band of the forewing narrow, the anterior spot long, the 2. short. female: forewing without white discal spots; hindwing with 2 separated rows of red spots. Tail in both sexes long and spatulate. Mexico, apparently rare. — tolmides Godm. & Salv. male: band broader than in tolus, tail narrower, no spots, or only very small ones, before the upper angle of the cell of the forewing. female not known. Chiriqui and Sevilla Island; likewise rare in collections. — orchamus Boisd. male: the spots before the upper angle of the cell of the forewing small, the first long spot of the yellow band as long as the 2., or somewhat longer, the submarginal spots of the hindwing usually very distinct. female with a white spot placed across the cell of the forewing and another spot before the 1. median, as well as usually also a spot before the 3. radial and an indistinct spot behind the 1. median: 4—6 large red spots on the hindwing, cell with spot, tail short, non-spatulate. Colombia; North Venezuela. — leptalea R.& J. male: yellow band of the forewing narrower than the black marginal area, narrower than in all the other forms of this species; the spots before the apex of the cell small; the submarginal spots of the hindwing distinct, the apex of the cell on the under surface black as far as the base of the 1. median; tail spatulate. female similar to that of orchamus, the white spot between the 2. and 3. spot of the forewing and the cell-spot smaller. West Ecuador. — torquatus Cr. (= pelaus F.) (11b). male: the spots before the apex of the cell of the forewing mostly larger than in the other forms, the two subapical spots of the band broad, the 1. shorter than the 2., the band at least half as broad again as the black submarginal area; the submarginal spots of the hindwing usually strongly darkened by black scaling. The female very variable; the tail always slender, commonly short; 5 principal forms: female-f. theras R. & J., forewing with cell-spot, which however does not extend across the cell, and one or more spots on the disc; female-f. caudius Hbn. has no cell-spot, but several discal spots, of which the one placed between the 1. and 2. median is the largest; female-f. patros Gray (11b) has no white spots on the forewing, the patches on the hindwing are red; female-f. flavida Oberth. (= flava Haase) resembles patos, but the patches on the hindwing are yellow-white; female-f. cleolas R & J. has no spots on the forewing, but on its under surface a yellowish white submarginal band. These different forms of the female occur only partly together, the first 4 are known from the Upper Amazon, but the 5. form, which we have from Bolivia, may also be found there. East and South Venezuela, the Guianas, the Amazons and the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. — polybius Swains. (female = tros Hbn., trojanus Boisd.) (11b) inhabits Brazil, Matto Grosso and Paraguay. In the male the spots before the apex of the cell of the forewing are small and the submarginal spots on the underside rather large; on the hindwing beneath the cell is entirely or almost entirely yellow; the tail broad. The female occurs only in one form: forewing with spot in the cell and a large patch between the 1. and 2. median: tail spatulate, with rounded tip. [1]
Adults strongly resemble Papilio garleppi .
The larvae feed on the leaves of Citrus species. Full-grown larvae are mottled in dull tones of brown, greenish-yellow and whitish. It resembles a bird dropping.
Papilio clytia, the common mime, is a swallowtail butterfly found in south and southeast Asia. The butterfly belongs to the subgenus Chilasa, the black-bodied swallowtails. It serves as an excellent example of a Batesian mimic among the Indian butterflies.
Papilio mayo, the Andaman Mormon, is a species of swallowtail butterfly that is endemic to the Andamans in the Bay of Bengal. It is a species that is protected by Indian Law. The scientific name honours Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, who was assassinated at Port Blair the year before the butterfly was discovered.
Papilio aristophontes is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to Comoros.
Papilio neumoegeni is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the islands of Sumba in Indonesia.
Papilio thoas, the king swallowtail or Thoas swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in the southernmost United States, Mexico, Central America and South America. The species is easily confused with the giant swallowtail, which it closely resembles in both larval and adult stages. The caterpillars feed on the leaves of citrus plants (Rutaceae). They have also been reported as feeding on a member of the genus Piper.
Papilio ambrax, the Ambrax butterfly, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Queensland, Australia, as well as the Aru Islands, Papua (Indonesia), and Papua New Guinea.
Papilio scamander, the Scamander swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found from eastern and south-eastern Brazil south into Argentina.
Papilio astyalus, the broad-banded swallowtail or Astyalus swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found from Mexico south to Argentina. It is occasionally reported from southern Texas and rare strays can be found up to southern Arizona and northern Texas.
Papilio androgeus, the Androgeus swallowtail, queen page, or queen swallowtail, is a Neotropical butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found from Mexico to Argentina with a small population in southern Florida.
Papilio cacicus is a Neotropical butterfly of the family Papilionidae first described by Hippolyte Lucas in 1852. It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru.
Papilio isidorus is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). The species was first described by Henry Doubleday in 1846. It is found in Central and South America.
Papilio zagreus is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in South America, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and western Brazil.
Mimoides phaon, the red-sided swallowtail or variable swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is native to the Americas.
Parides panares, the wedge-spotted cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae native to the Americas. The larvae feed on Aristolochia maxima and A. pilosa.
Papilio iswara, the great Helen, is a species of large swallowtail butterfly found in parts of Southeast Asia.
Papilio tydeus is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in the Moluccas.
Papilio pelaus, the prickly ash swallowtail, is a species of Neotropical swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Parides phaleucas is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
Mimoides euryleon, the false cattleheart swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae.
Charaxes bupalus is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Otto Staudinger in 1889. It is endemic to Palawan in the Indomalayan realm.
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