| Paradactylodon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Paradactylodon persicus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Hynobiidae |
| Subfamily: | Hynobiinae |
| Genus: | Paradactylodon Risch, 1984 |
Paradactylodon, the mountain salamanders or Middle Eastern stream salamanders, is a genus of salamanders in the family Hynobiidae found in Afghanistan.
The following species are recognised in the genus Paradactylodon: [1]
The Cryptobranchidae are a family of fully aquatic salamanders commonly known as the giant salamanders. They include the largest living amphibians. The family is native to China, Japan, and the eastern United States. They constitute one of two living families—the other being the Asiatic salamanders belonging to the family Hynobiidae—within the Cryptobranchoidea, one of two main divisions of living salamanders.
The Asiatic salamanders are primitive salamanders found all over Asia, and in European Russia. They are closely related to the giant salamanders, with which they form the suborder Cryptobranchoidea. About half of hynobiids currently described are endemic to Japan.
Hynobius yangi, the Kori salamander, is a species of salamander endemic to southeastern South Korea. It is a lentic-breeding species similar to the Korean salamander but is distinguished by factors including tail shape and dorsal coloration. The species is known from the vicinity of the type locality in Gijang County in northeastern Busan and from the nearby Ulju County in western Ulsan.
Batrachuperus is a genus of salamander in the family Hynobiidae found in western China and adjacent Myanmar. Their common name is stream salamanders or mountain salamanders. Species now in Paradactylodon were formerly part of the then paraphyletic Batrachuperus.
The Persian brook salamander or Persian mountain salamander is an endemic amphibian species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae found in Iran and possibly Azerbaijan.
The Hakuba salamander or Japanese mountain salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. This salamander is also synonymous with the mountain salamander. It is endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, swamps, freshwater springs, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Ezo salamander, also known as the Hokkaido salamander, Noboribetsu salamander, or Ezo Sanshouo in Japanese is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. Prior to 1923 the species was also classified by the binomial scientific name Satobius retardatus. H. retardatus is endemic to Japan's northernmost prefecture, the island of Hokkaido. The species is a pond-type salamander, and its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, irrigated land, canals, and ditches.
The amber salamander, amber-colored salamander, tortoiseshell salamander, or Stejneger's oriental salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Tokyo salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, freshwater springs, arable land, irrigated land, and canals and ditches. It is threatened by habitat loss. Many different species of amphibian have unbalanced sex ratios. This trend is no different in Hynobius Tokyoensis; the sex ratio between males and females is about 1.5:1. Although this does not play as large of a role as habitat destruction when it comes to the decline of this species, it is still significant. Considering their environmental preferences, they are usually found in paddy fields. Mid-Summer drainage from these fields hinders the population's ability to thrive as this would occur before these populations could complete metamorphosis.
Pachyhynobius shangchengensis, the Shangcheng stout salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. It is monotypic within the genus Pachyhynobius. It is named after its type locality, Shangcheng. It is endemic to the Dabie Mountains in central China. Its natural habitats are subtropical moist lowland forests, montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Puxiong salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to China. It is only known from the vicinity of its type locality, in Puxiong (普雄镇), in Yuexi County, Sichuan Province. The area belongs to the Hengduan Mountains that form the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Puxiong salamander is a relatively small salamander with a slender body form.
The yellow-spotted salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to China, where it is known from Nanchuan in Chongqing, Suiyang in Guizhou, Lichuan in Hubei, and Sangzhi in Hunan Province. However, genetic methods have revealed cryptic species within the Liua–Pseudohynobius complex, and the actual distribution of the yellow-spotted salamander is turning out to be different. Only animals from Lichuan in Hubei and Sangzhi have been positively identified as being yellow-spotted salamanders, whereas animals collected from Nanchuan were described as a new species, P. jinfo, by Wei et al. in 2009.
Ranodon is a monotypic genus of salamanders in the family Hynobiidae. It currently contains only one species, the Central Asian salamander. The species lives in streams and has reduced lungs. It was previously assumed the fertilization was the opposite of that other salamanders with external fertilization, with the male first depositing a large mass of sperm, which the female then placed her eggs on. But this appears to have been an error, and that the male fertilize the eggs only after the female has laid them.
Liua is a genus of salamanders in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to China.
Pseudohynobius is a genus of salamanders in the family Hynobiidae and is endemic to China. It contains these species:
The Jinfo Mountain salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to China, known only from Nanchuan District in Chongqing. Its type locality is a spring-fed pond on Mount Jinfo. P. jinfo specimens from Nanchuan were first assumed to be yellow-spotted salamanders, but genetic methods, and later on, discovery of adult salamanders, allowed them to be identified as a new species.
Salamandrella is a genus of salamanders in the family Hynobiidae.
Hynobius glacialis, the Nanhu salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Taiwan. Its common name refers to the type locality, Nanhu Mountain. The mountain contains glacial relic formations, the reason for the species epithet glacialis.
The Guizhou salamander is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. This recently described species is so far known only from its type locality, Yanxia Village in Guiding County in Guizhou; it is endemic to China. Adult salamanders measure 157–203 mm (6.2–8.0 in) in total length.
Onychodactylus fuscus, the Tadami clawed salamander, is a species of clawed salamander from Japan. It is known to occur in four different localities in the Fukushima and Niigata Prefectures, including Tadami and Sanjō. The species grows 14 centimetres (5.5 in) to 16 centimetres (6.3 in) long, and differs from the Japanese clawed salamander by having a long tail and wide head, as well as lacking a dorsal stripe. O. fuscus lives in streams and breeds during the winter. The species is closely related to Onychodactylus intermedius. It shares much of its habitat with O. japonicus, but the two species are reproductively isolated.
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