| Paraflata | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Flatidae |
| Genus: | Paraflata Melichar, 1901 |
| Species [1] | |
| |
Paraflata is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901. [2] Species in the genus are found on Madagascar. [3]
Paraflata species are parasitized by the larvae of Epipyropidae moths. [4]
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the "Homoptera" – groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known "Homoptera", and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha.
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.
A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, a group exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment and that they often "hop" for quick transportation in a similar way to that of grasshoppers. However, planthoppers generally walk very slowly. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, though surprisingly few are considered pests. The infraorder contains only a single superfamily, Fulgoroidea. Fulgoroids are most reliably distinguished from the other Auchenorrhyncha by two features; the bifurcate ("Y"-shaped) anal vein in the forewing, and the thickened, three-segmented antennae, with a generally round or egg-shaped second segment (pedicel) that bears a fine filamentous arista.
The Epipyropidae comprise a small family of moths. This family and the closely related Cyclotornidae are unique among the Lepidoptera in that the larvae are ectoparasites, the hosts typically being fulgoroid planthoppers, thus the common name planthopper parasite moths.
Derbidae is a family of insects in the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. It is one of the largest and most diverse families of planthoppers. It is widely distributed around the world, especially in the tropics, and with many species in subtropical and temperate regions.
Flatidae are a family of fulgoroid planthoppers. They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are distinguished from others in the superfamily by a combination of characters. Like all other planthoppers, they suck phloem sap of plants. Some species are known to communicate with vibrations through the plant stems. Communication may be with mates, or with ants that tend the nymphs, protecting them and gathering honeydew secretions. Adults of some species have brightly coloured forewings which are tougher and known as tegmina unlike the membranous hindwings which are used for flight. Although a few can be identified by their coloration, most species requires dissection and examination under a microscope with access to literature on already described species.
Metcalfa pruinosa, the citrus flatid planthopper, is a species of insect in the Flatidae family of planthoppers first described by Thomas Say in 1830.
The Anja Community Reserve is a woodland area and freshwater lake, situated at the base a large cliff. Much of the reserve is dominated by fallen rocks and boulders and there are two small caves providing habitat for bats and owls. This reserve has much sheltered habitat in the pocket of forest that has established between the vast boulders.
Zanna madagascariensis, the Malagasy lantern bug, is endemic to Madagascar. It is a member of the Zanninae, considered to be a subfamily of the Fulgoridae. The nymphs are sometimes referred to as lantern-flies because of their large lantern like snout, although this does not emit light. The adult bugs are known as sakandry, and are consumed by the rural people of Madagascar. Roasted whole, they are reported to taste like bacon.
Epiricania melanoleuca is a moth in the family Epipyropidae. It was described by Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher in 1939. It is found in India, where its larvae are external parasitoids of the sugarcane planthopper. It has been used in biological pest control against this pest.
Epimesophantia is a genus of moths in the Epipyropidae family.
Epipyrops exigua or Fulgoraecia exigua, the planthopper parasite moth, is a moth in the Epipyropidae family. It was described by Henry Edwards in 1882. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from New Jersey and Pennsylvania to central Florida, west to Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California.
Flatormenis is a genus of flatid planthoppers in the family Flatidae. There are about 15 described species in Flatormenis.
Ormenaria is a genus of flatid planthoppers in the family Flatidae. There are at least two described species in Ormenaria.
Cerynia is a genus of flatid planthoppers found mainly in the forested regions of tropical Southeast Asia. It is typical of the tribe Ceryniini.
Flatina is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901. Species from the genus are found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, the Ivory Coast, the Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone.
Flatosoma is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901. Species in the genus are found in Sabah, Malaysia.
Poeciloflata is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae. It was first described by Leopold Melichar in 1901. Species in the genus are found in Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Lycorma imperialis is a planthopper indigenous to parts of China and Indo-Malaysia. L. imperialis was originally discovered in 1846 by Adam White and has one recognized non-nominate subspecies, L. i. punicea. L. imperialis has undergone a number of reclassifications since its discovery and is one of four species in the genus Lycorma. L. imperialis follows a hemimetabolous life cycle and will undergo a series of nymphal stages (instars) before maturing to an adult.
Flatida is a genus of planthoppers in the family Flatidae and tribe Phromniini. Species from the genus are found in tropical Africa and Asia.
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