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A breast pump is a mechanical device that lactating women use to extract milk from their breasts. They may be manual devices powered by hand or foot movements or automatic devices powered by electricity.
Mastitis is inflammation of the breast or udder, usually associated with breastfeeding. Symptoms typically include local pain and redness. There is often an associated fever and general soreness. Onset is typically fairly rapid and usually occurs within the first few months of delivery. Complications can include abscess formation.
La Leche League International (LLLI) is a non-governmental, nonprofit organization that organizes advocacy, educational, and training related to breastfeeding. It is present in about 89 countries.
A supplemental nursing system (SNS), also known as a lactation aid, is a device that consists of a container and a capillary tube. It is used to provide additional nutrients to a baby whose mother has low milk supply. During breastfeeding, the end of the tube is placed alongside the mother's nipple so that both the tube and the breast are in the infant's mouth.
The World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA) is a network of people working on a global scale to eliminate obstacles to breastfeeding and to act on the Innocenti Declaration. The groups within this alliance tackle the problems from a variety of perspectives or point of views, such as consumer advocates, mothers, and lactation consultants.
Erotic lactation is sexual arousal by breastfeeding on a woman's breast. Depending on the context, the practice can also be referred to as adult suckling, adult nursing, and adult breastfeeding. Practitioners sometimes refer to themselves as being in an adult nursing relationship (ANR). Two people in an exclusive relationship can be called a nursing couple.
Breastfeeding difficulties refers to problems that arise from breastfeeding, the feeding of an infant or young child with milk from a woman's breasts. Although babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk, and human breast milk is usually the best source of nourishment for human infants, there are circumstances under which breastfeeding can be problematic, or even in rare instances, contraindicated.
Breastfeeding, or nursing, is the process by which human breast milk is fed to an infant. Human breast milk may be fed to infants directly from the breast, or may be expressed by hand or pumped and fed to the infant. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. The baby should be given the opportunity to breastfeed as early as possible within the first hour of life, termed the Golden Hour, and breastfeeding should occur at least 8-12 times per day, or more frequently as desired by the infant. Feedings may last as long as 30–45 minutes each as milk supply develops and the infant learns the Suck-Swallow-Breathe pattern. However, as milk supply increases and the infant becomes more efficient at feeding, duration of feeds may shorten. Older children may feed less often. Mothers should hand express or pump breastmilk when breastfeeding is not possible for many reasons, including emptying the breasts to prevent plugged milk ducts and breast infection, maintaining milk supply, resolving engorgement and so milk can be fed to infant at a later time.
Amy Spangler is a breastfeeding expert and president of baby gooroo who has lectured extensively and published several books on breastfeeding. In addition to earning a bachelor's and master's degree in nursing, Spangler is a registered nurse and an internationally board certified lactation consultant, and she has held leadership positions with national and international organizations including President of the International Lactation Consultant Association. She has also served as an expert contributor to Breastfeeding.com and as a member of their professional advisory board.
The social attitudes to and legal status of breastfeeding in public vary widely in cultures around the world. In many countries, both in the Global South and in a number of Western countries, breastfeeding babies in open view of the general public is common and generally not regarded as an issue. In many parts of the world including Australia, some parts of the United States and Europe, along with some countries in Asia, women have an explicit legal right to nurse in public and in the workplace.
Breastfeeding promotion refers to coordinated activities and policies to promote health among women, newborns and infants through breastfeeding.
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), also known as Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI), is a worldwide programme of the World Health Organization and UNICEF, launched in 1992 in India following the adoption of the Innocenti Declaration on breastfeeding promotion in 1990. The initiative is a global effort for improving the role of maternity services to enable mothers to breastfeed babies for the best start in life. It aims at improving the care of pregnant women, mothers and newborns at health facilities that provide maternity services for protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding, in accordance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.
Mary Rose Tully MPH IBCLC was an American lactation consultant, director of the Department of Lactation Services at the University of North Carolina's Women's Hospital, and an adjunct clinical instructor of pediatrics at the University of North Carolina's School of Medicine. She researched and helped to expand knowledge of human breast milk. In the mid-1970s, she helped establish the non-profit Piedmont Milk Bank, now known as the WakeMed Mothers' Milk Bank and Lactation Center located in Raleigh, North Carolina. She was a founding member of the Human Milk Banking Association of North America in 1985 and received a lifetime achievement award from the organization in 2007.
Diana West is a leading lactation consultant and author specializing on the topic of breastfeeding.
Chris Mulford was a prominent advocate of breastfeeding in the United States and globally.
A lactation consultant is a health professional who specializes in the clinical management of breastfeeding. The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBLCE) certifies lactation consultants who meet its criteria and have passed its exam.
In breastfeeding women, low milk supply, also known as lactation insufficiency, insufficient milk syndrome, agalactia, agalactorrhea, hypogalactia or hypogalactorrhea, is the production of breast milk in daily volumes that do not fully meet the nutritional needs of her infant.
Delayed onset of lactation (DOL) describes the absence of copious milk secretion within the first 72 hours following childbirth. It affects around 20-40% of lactating women, the prevalence differs among distinct populations.
Establishment of breastfeeding refers to the initiation of providing breast milk of mother to baby. According to the World Health Organisation(WHO), breastfeeding is the best way to provide nourishment, including essential nutrients, energy and antibodies, to infants and toddlers. The start of breastfeeding is supported by the milk production which depends on the development of internal and external breast structure and hormonal control on milk secretion. Besides milk supply, adopting the correct approach of breastfeeding helps build up the maternal bond, which in turn promotes breastfeeding. Not only does nursing strengthen the mother-child relationship, but it also improves the intelligence and immunity of breastfed children and diminishes breastfeeding mothers' risks to have ovarian and breast cancer.
References
- ↑ "Breastfeeding Center for Greater Washington". The Nest Baby. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
- 1 2 Shaver, Katherine (2008-04-27). "D.C.'s 'Breast Whisperer'". The Washington Post. p. C01. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
- ↑ Clancy, Jessica (July 2008). "What Do They Really Do? Services for New and Expecting Parents". Washington Parent. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
- ↑ Mantell, Ruth (2009-11-10). "There's no free lunch, even for babies". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
- ↑ Stockton, Jessica (2007-03-11). "A Right for Mom's and Babies". The Washington Post. p. B08. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
- ↑ "Pat Shelly on Breastfeeding on Fox and Friends". YouTube. 2008-05-03.
- ↑ "Pat Shelly on Time's cover of breastfeeding a toddler". YouTube. 2012-06-18.
- ↑ "LCAGW General Membership March 2003 Minutes". Lactation Consultant Association of Greater Washington. Retrieved 2008-04-29.