Peiratinae | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hemiptera |
Family: | Reduviidae |
Subfamily: | Peiratinae Amyot and Serville, 1843 |
The Peiratinae are a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) known as corsairs. The subfamily has a worldwide distribution, but is concentrated in tropical areas. [1] About 30 genera with 350 species are described.
Peirates Serville sensu stricto is one of the largest genera of Peiratinae with about 40 valid species worldwide, mainly distributed in the Oriental, Palearctic and Ethiopian regions. After 1831, the subfamily changed many times as new species were being discovered. The Peirates Serville sensu stricto is the one of the 40 that has been identified to have a very different biology. Of the 30-40 known genera, Sirthenea is found on all continents. [2]
Coreidae is a large family of predominantly sap-suckling insects in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera. The name "Coreidae" derives from the genus Coreus, which derives from the Ancient Greek κόρις (kóris) meaning bedbug.
Enicocephaloidea is a sole superfamily within the infraorder Enicocephalomorpha of the hemipteran suborder Heteroptera. The group was formerly thought to be related to the Reduviidae because of similarities in head structure but they are now considered different enough from other Heteroptera to constitute a separate infraorder and represents a sister group of the Leptopodomorpha. They are predaceous and some species are known to swarm but little is known of their life history. A few species of enicocephalids are known to shed their wings before entering the surface of subsoil.
Cydnidae are a family of shield bugs, known by common names including burrowing bugs or burrower bugs. In some older classifications, Cydnidae sensu lato includes the subfamily Thyreocorinae, which are known commonly as "negro bugs", or "ebony bugs", and/or the families Thaumastellidae and Parastrachiidae. Though similar in appearance to a beetle at casual glance, they can be distinguished by both their piercing/sucking mouthparts, and wing configuration. Of some 750 species of burrower bugs, 27 are reported as crop pests, and six species are thought to feed on peanut.
The Harpactorinae are a large subfamily of the Reduviidae. About 300 genera and 2,000 species worldwide have been described. Some of the species of the genera Zelus, Pselliopus, Sinea, and Apiomerus are of interest as biological pest control agents.
The Metapterini are a tribe of thread-legged bugs, assassin bugs of subfamily Emesinae.
The Ectrichodiinae are a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) known for specializing on millipedes as prey. The group comprises more than 600 species in about 115 genera, making it a fairly large subfamily. The bugs are also known for their aposematic coloration, often brightly colored metallic blue, red, or yellow.
The Apiomerini are a tribe of the Harpactorinae. This tribe is restricted to the New World and consists of 11 genera.
Harpactorini is a tribe of the Harpactorinae. This group is the most diverse of the entire assassin bug family, with 51 genera recognized in the Neotropical Region and 289 genera and 2003 species overall.
Caecina is a genus in the subfamily Ectrichodiinae of Reduviidae ; 16 species have been described, all of them are located in Eastern Asia.
The Centrocnemidinae are a subfamily of the reduviid, found exclusively on tree trunks, where their bodies camouflage well. There are four genera with about 34 species described.
The Reduviinae are a subfamily of the reduviid assassin bugs. Many members of the subfamily are nocturnal and their lifecycles are generally poorly known. This subfamily is suspected not to be monophyletic.
Irantha is a small and little-known genus of assassin bug family (Reduviidae), in the subfamily Harpactorinae. Just four species have been described.
Saicinae is a subfamily of the family Reduviidae, or the assassin bugs.
Caliscelidae is a family of planthoppers, sap-sucking insects that belong to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha and superfamily Fulgoroidea. They are somewhat anomalous and have often been included within the family Issidae. Studies made in 2013 of the phylogeny of the Issidae and other groups using molecular techniques support the treatment of the group as a separate family. Sexual dimorphism can be marked. Some members of the family are called piglet bugs due to the shape of their snout. A particularly aberrant genus described in 2011 from India, Formiscurra, has males that resemble ants.
Acanaloniidae is a family of planthoppers. It is sometimes treated as a subfamily of Issidae.
The Dicrotelini are a tribe of assassin bugs in the subfamily Harpactorinae. Originally described by Carl Stål, genera and species have been recorded from Asia and Australia.
Epidaus is a genus of assassin bugs with about 25 species mainly distributed mainly in the Oriental Realm with two species which extend into the Palearctic Realm. Most species have a long and narrow body with the pronotum having a posterior margin with raised corners and spiny outgrowths facing outwards. The head a tubercle behind the base of each of the two antennae.
Salyavatinae are a subfamily of the assassin bugs. They have a pan-tropical distribution with about 16 genera. They have two foretarsal segments and have a patch of fine hairs known as the fossula spongiosa on the fore and mid tibia. Many species tend to have spines on the head, pronotum, legs and abdomen. A few species have the foretibia flattened into leaf-like structures.
Acanthaspis quinquespinosa is a species of assassin bug found in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal and Tibet. It is a predator, and both nymphs and adults feed on termites, beetles, caterpillars and other insect prey.
Rihirbus is a genus of assassin bug from the tropical parts of the Oriental region. They belong to the Harpactorinae and the genus is unique in having the fore tibiae with incurved tips and the apex having a long tooth. They show sexual dimorphism and are polymorphic making their identification to species complicated. Females are larger and wider. R. trochantericus takes about 49 days to develop from egg to adult in southern India.