Pelophryne saravacensis

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Pelophryne saravacensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Pelophryne
Species:
P. saravacensis
Binomial name
Pelophryne saravacensis
Inger and Stuebing, 2009 [2]
Synonyms [3]

Pelophryne saravacensisInger and Voris, 2001 – nomen nudum

Contents

Pelophryne saravacensis, also known as Sarawak dwarf toad, [4] is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. [1] [3] [4] [5] It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Sarawak (East Malaysia); there are records from at least four localities representing three different divisions (Bintulu, Miri, and Kapit). [1] [2] [3]

Description

Adult males measure 17–20 mm (0.7–0.8 in) and adult females 20 mm (0.8 in) in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is slender. The head is as wide as the body. The snout is truncate with a median projection. The tympanum is visible, oval in shape. Both the fingers and toes have fleshy webbing. The finger and toe tips bear discs (the latter being smaller than the former). The dorsum and flanks bear large, round tubercles. The belly is coarsely granular. Preserved specimens have sandy brown to pale tan dorsal coloration. There is a backward pointing dark interorbital triangle, and in some individuals, a faint dark triangle or trapezoid in the lumbar region. The ventral surfaces are dark brown with small, discrete, white spots. In living individuals, small red spots are often present on the larger dorsal tubercles. [2]

Habitat and conservation

Pelophryne saravacensis inhabits lowland and submontane forests. Males call from understory vegetation and trunks of small trees as high as 5 m (16 ft) above the ground, [1] but preferably 0.5–1.3 m (2–4 ft) above the ground. [4] Other aspects of its breeding biology remain unknown, [1] [4] but it probably breeds in streams, as is the case for other Pelophryne. [1]

The habitat of this species is threatened by logging, leading to a decline in both its extent and quality. Consequently, it is suspected that the overall population of Pelophryne saravacensis is declining. It is present in the Gunung Mulu and Pulong Tau National Parks; while the former is well protected, the latter is not and faces encroachment from logging companies. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pelophryne</i> Genus of amphibians

Pelophryne, commonly known as flathead toads or dwarf toads, is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. The genus occurs in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya including Singapore, and Hainan (China). Molecular data suggest that Pelophryne is the sister taxon of Ansonia.

<i>Kaloula baleata</i> Species of amphibian

Kaloula baleata, the flower pot toad or sometimes the smooth-fingered narrow-mouthed frog, is a species of narrow-mouthed toad. It is native to India, Borneo, Indochinese Peninsula, Java, Malay Peninsula and Philippines where it lives in lowland rainforests and is tolerant of disturbed sites. The IUCN lists it as being of "Least Concern".

<i>Ansonia longidigita</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia longidigita is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northern and western Borneo in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and in Brunei.

Ansonia torrentis, also known as the Gunung Mulu stream toad and torrent slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Mulu in Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia). The specific name torrentis refers to the habitat at its type locality, a stream running down a steep mountainside.

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Pelophryne api, also known as Api dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from Gunung Mulu National Park in northern Sarawak and from Simpang Kuda in Bau District, western Sarawak. Its genetic divergence from Pelophryne guentheri is relatively low and these species could be conspecific.

<i>Pelophryne misera</i> Species of amphibian

Pelophryne misera, the black flathead toad or Kinabalu dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), although its distribution is likely to be broader and might extend to Kalimantan (Indonesia). It was first described from specimens collected from Mount Kinabalu.

Pelophryne rhopophilia, also known as lowland dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in north-eastern and south-western Sarawak (Malaysia) and (likely) in adjacent West Kalimantan (Indonesia).

Leptobrachella palmata is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Borneo, and only known from its type locality in Lipaso Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Common names palm Borneo frog and palm dwarf litter frog have been coined for it.

Kalophrynus intermedius is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and is found in Brunei, south-central Sarawak (Malaysia), and Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names intermediate sticky frog, Sarawak grainy frog, and Mengiong sticky frog have been proposed for it.

Meristogenys macrophthalmus is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sarawak in northern Borneo (Malaysia) and is only known from its type locality in the Bintulu District. The specific name macrophthalmus is derived from the Greek words macros (="large") and ophthalmos (="eye") and refers to the large eyes of this frog. Common names Matsui's Borneo frog, large-eyed torrent frog, and big-eyed torrent frog have been coined for it.

Philautus ingeri is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and found in Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and adjacent northern Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names Inger's bush frog and Inger's bubble-nest frog have been coined for it. It is named for Robert F. Inger, American zoologist from the Field Museum of Natural History.

Leptomantis gauni is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and is found in Sabah and central Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and north-eastern Kalimantan (Indonesia). The specific name gauni honours Gaun Sureng, a collector for the Sarawak Museum and a companion to Robert F. Inger on field trips when this species was observed. Common names short-nosed tree frog and Inger's flying frog have been coined for it.

Leptomantis rufipes is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from isolated locations in south-central Sarawak and eastern Sabah and central Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names Malaysian flying frog and red-legged frog have been coined for this species. The specific name rufipes refers to the red webbing of this frog.

Pelophryne murudensis, also known as the Murud dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Murud in Sarawak, Borneo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert F. Inger</span> American herpetologist (1920–2019)

Robert Frederick Inger was an American herpetologist. During his lifetime, he wrote numerous books and publications about herpetology. He was also the curator for amphibians and reptiles at the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois.

Ansonia echinata is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Borneo. Common name spiny slender toad has been coined for this little known species.

Sabahphrynus is a monotypic genus of amphibians in the family Bufonidae. The sole species is Sabahphrynus maculatus, also known as the spotted Asian tree toad or Sabah earless toad. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Sabah, East Malaysia.

Pelophryne ingeri is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, the Tioman Island (Malaysia), Sumatra (Indonesia), and possibly the Natuna and Mentawai Islands (Indonesia). In the past it has been confused with Pelophryne signata and P. brevipes.

Pelophryne penrissenensis, also known as Penrissen dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Mount Penrissen in Sarawak, its type locality that also gave this species its specific name. Its actual range might be wider and extend into nearby Kalimantan (Indonesia). It is the sister taxon of Pelophryne signata.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Pelophryne saravacensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T42862554A176851786. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T42862554A176851786.en . Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 Inger, Robert F. & Stuebing, Robert B. (2009). "New species and new records of Bornean frogs (Amphibia: Anura)" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 57 (2): 527–535.
  3. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Pelophryne saravacensis Inger and Stuebing, 2009". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Haas, A.; Das, I. & Hertwig, S.T. (2022). "Pelophryne saravacensis Sarawak Dwarf Toad". Frogs of Borneo – The frogs of East Malaysia and their larval forms. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  5. ↑ "Pelophryne saravacensis". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
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