Pelophryne

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Pelophryne
Pelophryne guentheri.jpg
Pelophryne guentheri
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Pelophryne
Barbour, 1938
Type species
Pelophryne albotaeniata
Barbour, 1938
Species

13 species (see text)

Pelophryne, commonly known as flathead toads or dwarf toads, is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. [1] [2] The genus occurs in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya including Singapore, and Hainan (China). Molecular data suggest that Pelophryne is the sister taxon of Ansonia . [1]

Contents

Description and ecology

Pelophryne are small, semi-arboreal toads. They can easily be recognized by the peculiar, fleshy web of their fingers and toes. The genus can be divided into two groups: one with rounded but not expanded finger tips, and the other with the tips of the fingers expanded into truncate discs. This morphological division is supported by molecular data. [3]

Where two Pelophryne species coexist, one species is small (<20 mm (0.8 in)) and the other one is larger, about 25–28 mm (1.0–1.1 in) in snout–vent length. This is suggestive of resource partitioning. [3]

The tadpoles are specialized for rapid development in very small rain water pools. The eggs are relatively large, and the tadpoles appear to subsist the larval period on yolk. The tadpoles have a degenerate oral disk and lack a spiracle. [4] [5]

Species

The following species are recognized in the genus Pelophryne: [1]

Binomial name and authorCommon name
Pelophryne albotaeniata Barbour, 1938White-striped flathead toad
Pelophryne api Dring, 1984
Pelophryne brevipes (Peters, 1867)Zamboanga flathead toad
Pelophryne guentheri (Boulenger, 1882)Gunther's flathead toad
Pelophryne ingeri Matsui, 2019
Pelophryne lighti (Taylor, 1920)Mindanao flathead toad
Pelophryne linanitensis Das, 2008 [6]
Pelophryne misera (Mocquard, 1890)Black flathead toad
Pelophryne murudensis Das, 2008 [6]
Pelophryne penrissenensis Matsui, Nishikawa, Eto, and Hossman, 2017 [3]
Pelophryne rhopophilius Inger and Stuebing, 1996
Pelophryne saravacensis Inger and Stuebing, 2009
Pelophryne signata (Boulenger, 1895)Saint Andrew's cross toadlet

In addition, the AmphibiaWeb recognizes Pelophryne macrotis as distinct from Pelophryne guentheri . [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Ansonia</i> (frog) Genus of amphibians

Ansonia is a genus of true toads found in south India, northern Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Tioman Island, Borneo, and Mindanao (Philippines). These small forest species spawn in streams and have torrent-adapted tadpoles. Common name stream toads has been coined for the genus, although individual species are also being referred to as slender toads.

Ansonia albomaculata, also known as the white-lipped slender toad and whitebelly stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and can be found in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and northern Kalimantan (Indonesia).

<i>Ansonia fuliginea</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia fuliginea, the North Borneo stream toad or North Borneo slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Ansonia guibei is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Sabah in Malaysian Borneo. The specific name guibei honors Jean Guibé, a French zoologist and herpetologist. Common names Mesilau toad and Mesilau stream toad have been coined for it.

<i>Ansonia longidigita</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia longidigita is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northern and western Borneo in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and in Brunei.

<i>Ansonia minuta</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia minuta is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae, described from the forests of Sarawak in 1960. It is known by a number of common names: tiny stream toad, dwarf slender toad, and minute slender toad. It is endemic to Borneo and occurs in tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Ansonia platysoma, also known as the flat-bodied slender toad and Luidan stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, and from Brunei. Its closest relative is Ansonia kelabitensis.

<i>Ansonia spinulifer</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia spinulifer, also known as spiny slender toad or Kina Balu stream toad, is a species of true toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Sarawak and Sabah, northern Borneo (Malaysia), and presumably also in Kalimantan on the Indonesian part of the island.

Ansonia torrentis, also known as the Gunung Mulu stream toad and torrent slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Mulu in Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia). The specific name torrentis refers to the habitat at its type locality, a stream running down a steep mountainside.

Rhinella chrysophora, sometimes known as the Rio Viejo toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera Nombre de Dios on the Atlantic versant in north-central Honduras.

The Palawan toadlet or white-striped flathead toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Palawan, the Philippines.

Pelophryne api, also known as Api dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from Gunung Mulu National Park in northern Sarawak and from Simpang Kuda in Bau District, western Sarawak. Its genetic divergence from Pelophryne guentheri is relatively low and these species could be conspecific.

<i>Pelophryne lighti</i> Species of amphibian

Pelophryne lighti, also known as the Mindanao flathead toad or eastern Mindanao dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

<i>Pelophryne misera</i> Species of amphibian

Pelophryne misera, the black flathead toad or Kinabalu dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), although its distribution is likely to be broader and might extend to Kalimantan (Indonesia). It was first described from specimens collected from Mount Kinabalu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert F. Inger</span> American herpetologist (1920–2019)

Robert Frederick Inger was an American herpetologist. During his lifetime, he wrote numerous books and publications about herpetology. He was also the curator for amphibians and reptiles at the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois.

Ansonia echinata is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Borneo. Common name spiny slender toad has been coined for this little known species.

Ansonia vidua is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Borneo. Common names Murud black slender toad and widow slender toad have been coined for this little known species. The latter name refers to the black colouration of this species and the fact that no male individuals are known.

Sabahphrynus is a monotypic genus of amphibians in the family Bufonidae. The sole species is Sabahphrynus maculatus, also known as the spotted Asian tree toad or Sabah earless toad. It is endemic to Borneo where it is only known from Sabah, East Malaysia.

Pelophryne penrissenensis, also known as Penrissen dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Mount Penrissen in Sarawak, its type locality that also gave this species its specific name. Its actual range might be wider and extend into nearby Kalimantan (Indonesia). It is the sister taxon of Pelophryne signata.

Pelophryne saravacensis, also known as Sarawak dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Sarawak ; there are records from at least four localities representing three different divisions.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Pelophryne Barbour, 1938". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 Matsui, Masafumi; Nishikawa, Kanto; Eto, Koshiro & Hossman, Mohamad Yazid Bin (2017). "A new species of Pelophryne from western Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo (Anura, Bufonidae)". Zoological Science. 34 (4): 345–350. doi:10.2108/zs170008. PMID   28770684. S2CID   44312567.
  4. Inger, Robert F. (1960). "Notes on toads of the genus Pelophryne". Fieldiana Zoology. 39 (39): 415–418.
  5. Inger, Robert F. (1960). "A review of the oriental toads of the genus Ansonia Stoliczka". Fieldiana Zoology. 39 (43): 473–503.
  6. 1 2 Das, I. (2008). "Two new species of Pelophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from Gunung Murud, Sarawak (northwestern Borneo)" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 56 (2): 435–443.