Pelophryne api

Last updated

Pelophryne api
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Pelophryne
Species:
P. api
Binomial name
Pelophryne api
Dring, 1983 [2]

Pelophryne api, also known as Api dwarf toad, [3] is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. [1] [3] [4] [5] It is endemic to Borneo and known from Gunung Mulu National Park in northern Sarawak [1] [4] (where its type locality, Mount Api, is located) and from Simpang Kuda in Bau District, western Sarawak. [4] [6] Its genetic divergence from Pelophryne guentheri is relatively low and these species could be conspecific. [7]

Contents

Description

Adult males measure 18–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) [2] and adult females 18–24 mm (0.7–0.9 in) in snout–vent length. [2] [6] The overall appearance is slender. The snout is truncate in dorsal view and obliquely projecting in vertical profile. The tympanum is distinct. The fingers are slender and bear small terminal discs, as do the toe tips. Both fingers and toes have fleshy webbing. Coloration is largely black both dorsally and ventrally. There are some pale markings. The dorsum is covered with small, rounded tubercles. [2]

Habitat and conservation

Pelophryne api occurs in primary lowland and montane rainforest in limestone karst areas at elevations of 65–1,200 m (213–3,937 ft) above sea level. [1] The western Sarawak record is from a secondary forest. [6] Individuals have typically been encountered in low vegetation (0.2–0.5 m (1–2 ft) above the ground) at night. [2] [6] The eggs are deposited in small pools on the forest floor [1] (solution holes in limestone, hollowed dead leaves, logs, or senescent Nepenthes pitchers [2] ). The tadpole are non-feeding (endotrophic). [1]

Although the known range of this species is limited, it is abundant and common in suitable habitat in Gunung Mulu National Park. The park is also well protected. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pelophryne</i> Genus of amphibians

Pelophryne, commonly known as flathead toads or dwarf toads, is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. The genus occurs in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya including Singapore, and Hainan (China). Molecular data suggest that Pelophryne is the sister taxon of Ansonia.

<i>Ansonia fuliginea</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia fuliginea, the North Borneo stream toad or North Borneo slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Ansonia guibei is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Sabah in Malaysian Borneo. The specific name guibei honors Jean Guibé, a French zoologist and herpetologist. Common names Mesilau toad and Mesilau stream toad have been coined for it.

Ansonia platysoma, also known as the flat-bodied slender toad and Luidan stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, and from Brunei. Its closest relative is Ansonia kelabitensis.

Ansonia torrentis, also known as the Gunung Mulu stream toad and torrent slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Mulu in Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia). The specific name torrentis refers to the habitat at its type locality, a stream running down a steep mountainside.

The Palawan toadlet or white-striped flathead toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Palawan, the Philippines.

<i>Pelophryne misera</i> Species of amphibian

Pelophryne misera, the black flathead toad or Kinabalu dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), although its distribution is likely to be broader and might extend to Kalimantan (Indonesia). It was first described from specimens collected from Mount Kinabalu.

Pelophryne rhopophilia, also known as lowland dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in north-eastern and south-western Sarawak (Malaysia) and (likely) in adjacent West Kalimantan (Indonesia).

Kalophrynus nubicola is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo and is only known from the Gunung Mulu National Park. The specific name nubicola means "dwelling in cloud". Common names blue-spotted sticky frog and mossy-forest sticky frog has been coined for this species.

Philautus ingeri is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and found in Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and adjacent northern Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names Inger's bush frog and Inger's bubble-nest frog have been coined for it. It is named for Robert F. Inger, American zoologist from the Field Museum of Natural History.

Philautus mjobergi is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and found in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sarawak (Malaysia). The specific name mjobergi honours Eric Mjöberg, a Swedish naturalist, ethnographer, and explorer. Common names Murud bubble-nest frog and Mjöberg's bush frog have been coined for it.

Philautus umbra is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Mount Api in northern Sarawak, Malaysia, although it might also occur in the adjacent Brunei.

<i>Feihyla kajau</i> Species of frog

Feihyla kajau, also known as the Dring's flying frog, white-eared tree frog, and white-eared jelly-nest frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in all major jurisdictions of the island Kalimantan (Indonesia), Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), and Brunei. The specific name kajau is Berawan for "charming".

Pelophryne linanitensis, also known as the Linanit dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Batu Linanit in Mount Murud in Sarawak, Borneo.

Pelophryne murudensis, also known as the Murud dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Murud in Sarawak, Borneo.

Ansonia echinata is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Borneo. Common name spiny slender toad has been coined for this little known species.

Ansonia vidua is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sarawak, Borneo. Common names Murud black slender toad and widow slender toad have been coined for this little known species. The latter name refers to the black colouration of this species and the fact that no male individuals are known.

Leptobrachella bondangensis is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Central Kalimantan, in the Indonesian part of Borneo, and is only known from its eponymous type locality, Mount Bondang in the Murung Raya Regency. Common name Bondang dwarf litter frog has been coined for this species.

Pelophryne penrissenensis, also known as Penrissen dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Mount Penrissen in Sarawak, its type locality that also gave this species its specific name. Its actual range might be wider and extend into nearby Kalimantan (Indonesia). It is the sister taxon of Pelophryne signata.

Pelophryne saravacensis, also known as Sarawak dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Borneo and only known from Sarawak ; there are records from at least four localities representing three different divisions.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018). "Pelophryne api". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T54865A123691713. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T54865A123691713.en . Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dring, Julian (1983). "Some new frogs from Sarawak" . Amphibia-Reptilia. 4 (2): 103–115. doi:10.1163/156853883X00021.
  3. 1 2 Haas, A.; Das, I. & Hertwig, S.T. (2022). "Pelophryne api Api Dwarf Toad". Frogs of Borneo – The frogs of East Malaysia and their larval forms. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Pelophryne api Dring, 1983". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001 . Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  5. ↑ "Pelophryne api". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Zainudin, Ramlah; Alaudin, Nooraina Atira; Sungif, Nur Amirah; Agoh, Matleen Augustine; Deka, Elvy Quatrin Anak & Naim, Najmi (2018). "New distribution record of Pelophryne api Dring, 1983 (Anura: Bufonidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia". Journal of Sustainability Science and Management. 13 (1): 237–241.
  7. ↑ Chan, Kin Onn & Grismer, L. Lee (2019). "To split or not to split? Multilocus phylogeny and molecular species delimitation of southeast Asian toads (family: Bufonidae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 95. doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1422-3 . PMC   6485082 .
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.