The Trichocomaceae are a family of fungi in the order Eurotiales. Taxa are saprobes with aggressive colonization strategies, adaptable to extreme environmental conditions. Family members are cosmopolitan in distribution, ubiquitous in soil, and common associates of decaying plant and food material.
Penicillium chrysogenum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. It is common in temperate and subtropical regions and can be found on salted food products, but it is mostly found in indoor environments, especially in damp or water-damaged buildings. It has been recognised as a species complex that includes P. notatum, P. meleagrinum, and P. cyaneofulvum. Molecular phylogeny has established that Alexander Fleming's first discovered penicillin producing strain is of a distinct species, P. rubens, and not of P. notatum. It has rarely been reported as a cause of human disease. It is the source of several β-lactam antibiotics, most significantly penicillin. Other secondary metabolites of P. chrysogenum include roquefortine C, meleagrin, chrysogine, 6-MSA YWA1/melanin, andrastatin A, fungisporin, secalonic acids, sorbicillin, and PR-toxin.
Penicillium rubens is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium and was the first species known to produce the antibiotic penicillin. It was first described by Philibert Melchior Joseph Ehi Biourge in 1923. For the discovery of penicillin from this species Alexander Fleming shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945. The original penicillin-producing type has been variously identified as Penicillium rubrum, P. notatum, and P. chrysogenum among others, but genomic comparison and phylogenetic analysis in 2011 resolved that it is P. rubens. It is the best source of penicillins and produces benzylpenicillin (G), phenoxymethylpenicillin (V) and octanoylpenicillin (K). It also produces other important bioactive compounds such as andrastin, chrysogine, fungisporin, roquefortine, and sorbicillins.
Penicillium adametzii is an anamorph fungus species of the genus of Penicillium.
Penicillium anatolicum is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated in Turkey, Florida, in the United States and in South Africa.
Penicillium cainii is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated from soil in Korea.
Penicillium cairnsense is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which produces benzomalvins, citreoviridin, phoenicin, terrain, quinolactacin and decaturin. Penicillium cairnsense is named after Cairns, a city in Australia that is near to where this species was first isolated.
Penicillium austroafricanum is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium
Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium.
Penicillium cecidicola is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which produces pentacecilide A, pentacecilide B, pentacecilide C.
Penicillium clavistipitatum is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium.
Penicillium contaminatum is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium.
Penicillium copticola is a species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated from the twigs, leaves, and apical and lateral buds of the plant Cannabis sativa L.
Penicillium coralligerum is a species of the genus of Penicillium. It is a marine species sometimes referred to as a deep-sea fungus and in some languages named the equivalent of "deep-sea mold".
Penicillium euglaucum is a species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated from soil in Argentina.
Penicillium glaucoalbidum is a species of the genus of Penicillium.
Penicillium hetheringtonii is a species of the genus of Penicillium which is named after A.C. Hetherington. This species was first isolated from beach soil in Land's End Garden in Treasure Island, Florida in the United States. Penicillium hetheringtonii produces citrinin and quinolactacin.
Penicillium osmophilum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from agricultural soil in Wageningen in the Netherlands
Penicillium roseopurpureum is an anamorph species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which produces Carviolin.
Cladosporium cladosporioides is a darkly pigmented mold that occurs world-wide on a wide range of materials both outdoors and indoors. It is one of the most common fungi in outdoor air where its spores are important in seasonal allergic disease. While this species rarely causes invasive disease in animals, it is an important agent of plant disease, attacking both the leaves and fruits of many plants. This species produces asexual spores in delicate, branched chains that break apart readily and drift in the air. It is able to grow under low water conditions and at very low temperatures.
