| Penthimia nigra | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Penthimia nigra, typical form | |
 | |
| Penthimia nigra, red-spotted form | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Family: | Cicadellidae |
| Genus: | Penthimia |
| Species: | P. nigra |
| Binomial name | |
| Penthimia nigra (Goeze, 1778) | |
Penthimia nigra is a species of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae subfamily Deltocephalinae. [1]
The adults reach 4–6 millimetres (0.16–0.24 in) of length. The coloration of the body varies from black (typical form) to reddish brown, with two orange spots or more or less extended reddish areas on the pronotum. The eyes are reddish brown. The forewings overlap on the end of the abdomen. In this species is quite evident the row of spines on the tibia 3 characterizing Cicadellidae.
Adult leafhoppers can mostly be encountered from April through July feeding on sap of deciduous trees, especially poplars (Populus species) and oaks (Quercus species). Although fit to fly, they sometimes prefer to jump away when disturbed. They may have just one generation per year and the larva overwinters.
This species is present in most of Europe and in the Near East.
Deltocephalinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers. Deltocephalinae is the largest subfamily in the family Cicadellidae and is divided into 40 tribes, comprising over 925 genera, and over 6,700 described species.
Japananus hyalinus, the Japanese maple leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper of the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Opsiini. Believed to be native to eastern Asia, it has been carried with the trade in cultivated maples and is now widely found in Europe, North America and Australia.
Deltocephalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Deltocephalini contains 72 genera and more than 600 species.
Phlepsiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are 4 genera and over 80 described species in Phlepsiini.
Scaphoideini is a tribe of leafhoppers. There are 64 genera and over 600 described species in Scaphoideini.
Acinopterini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Acinopterini is made up of 2 genera over 35 species. Acinopterus is widely distributed throughout North and South America with more than 30 species; Cariancha and its two species are endemic to Brazil.
Arrugada is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are currently four described species of Arrugada and they are all endemic to Bolivia and Peru. The genus was formerly considered to be within its own separate subfamily within Cicadellidae; however, it is now recognized to be in its own tribe, Arrugadini, within the subfamily Deltocephalinae.
Bonaspeiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Bonaspeiini is made up of 26 genera and over 125 species found throughout southern Africa. Many species are found in the fynbos biome.
Chiasmini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Chiasmini contains 21 genera and over 300 species. Some species of Chiasmini in the genus Nephotettix are agricultural pests and transmit rice Tungrovirus in southeast Asia.
Cochlorhinini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The tribe is endemic to the western United States and adjacent parts of Mexico, however at least one species has been introduced to Chile. Cochlorhinini contains 11 genera and over 140 species.
Dorycephalus is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is the only genus in the tribe Dorycephalini. There are currently only two described species in the genus. The members of the genus are found in eastern Europe, Russia and Mongolia.
Faltalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Faltalini is distributed from the southwestern United States south to Argentina and Chile. It contains 11 genera and over 25 species.
Goniagnathini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Goniagnathini contains 4 genera and around 60 species. Of these, one new species, Goniagnathuscornutus was recently verified in China.
Hypacostemma is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is the only genus in the tribe Hypacostemmini. Hypacostemma contains at least 5 described species distributed throughout Southern Africa. Hypacostemma are usually large greenish leafhoppers with a length between 7-10 mm.
Koebeliini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are 6 genera and over 15 species divided into two subtribes within Koebeliini: Koebellina and Grypotina. Koebeliina species are endemic to western North America.
Luheria constricta is a species of leafhopper in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It has a large range from northern Argentina north through Bolivia and northeastern Brazil. It is the only member of the genus Luheria and the tribe Luheriini making them both monotypic taxa.
Magnentiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are currently 2 genera and 4 species in the tribe. It was formerly placed in the subfamily Nioniinae, but was moved to Deltocephalinae based on anatomical similarities. Members of Magnentiini are superficially similar to members of Punctulini and Vartini.
Occinirvana eborea is a species of leafhopper in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is the only member of the genus Occinirvana and the tribe Occinirvanini, making them both monotypic taxa. O. eborea is endemic to Western Australia. It is closely related to Loralia, another genus of leafhoppers endemic to Australia.
Stenometopiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It contains 8 genera and around 100 species. The members of Stenometopiini are widespread and have a cosmopolitan distribution.
Vartini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It currently contains 7 genera and over 20 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that Vartini is closely related to Punctulini.
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