Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, or monomethylglycine, is a monopeptide with the formula CH3N(H)CH2CO2H. It exists at neutral pH as the zwitterion CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2−, which can be obtained as a white, water-soluble powder. Like some amino acids, sarcosine converts to a cation at low pH and an anion at high pH, with the respective formulas CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2H and CH3N(H)CH2CO2−. Sarcosine is a close relative of glycine, with a secondary amine in place of the primary amine.
In biology, syntrophy, synthrophy, or cross-feeding is the phenomenon of one species feeding on the metabolic products of another species to cope up with the energy limitations by electron transfer. In this type of biological interaction, metabolite transfer happens between two or more metabolically diverse microbial species that live in close proximity to each other. The growth of one partner depends on the nutrients, growth factors, or substrates provided by the other partner. Thus, syntrophism can be considered as an obligatory interdependency and a mutualistic metabolism between two different bacterial species.
In taxonomy, Methanofollis is a genus of the Methanomicrobiaceae.
Betaine reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glycine reductase (EC 1.21.4.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a sarcosine reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Bifidobacterium longum is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium present in the human gastrointestinal tract and one of the 32 species that belong to the genus Bifidobacterium. It is a microaerotolerant anaerobe and considered to be one of the earliest colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract of infants. When grown on general anaerobic medium, B. longum forms white, glossy colonies with a convex shape. While B. longum is not significantly present in the adult gastrointestinal tract, it is considered part of the gut microbiota and its production of lactic acid is believed to prevent growth of pathogenic organisms. B. longum is non-pathogenic and is often added to food products.
Acetoanaerobium sticklandii is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. It was first isolated in 1954 from the black mud of the San Francisco Bay Area by T.C. Stadtman, who also named the species. A. sticklandii is not pathogenic in humans.
Desulfitobacterium hafniense is a species of gram positive bacteria, its type strain is DCB-2T..
Syntrophomonas curvata is a bacterium. It is anaerobic, syntrophic and fatty acid-oxidizing. Its type strain is GB8-1T.
Holophaga foetida is a bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is a homoacetogenic bacterium degrading methoxylated aromatic compounds. It is gram-negative, obligately anaerobic and rod-shaped, with type strain TMBS4. Its genome has been sequenced. It is known for its ability to anaerobically degrade aromatic compounds and the production of volatile sulfur compounds through a unique pathway.
Syntrophococcus sucromutans is a Gram-negative strictly anaerobic chemoorganotrophic Bacillota. These bacteria can be found forming small chains in the habitat where it was first isolated, the rumen of cows. It is the type strain of genus Syntrophococcus and it has an uncommon one-carbon metabolic pathway, forming acetate from formate as a product of sugar oxidation.
Virgibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria and a member of the phylum Bacillota. Virgibacillus species can be obligate aerobes, or facultative anaerobes and catalase enzyme positive. Under stressful environmental conditions, the bacteria can produce oval or ellipsoidal endospores in terminal, or sometimes subterminal, swollen sporangia. The genus was recently reclassified from the genus Bacillus in 1998 following an analysis of the species V. pantothenticus. Subsequently, a number of new species have been discovered or reclassified as Virgibacillus species.
Selenomonas lacticifex is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.
Sphingobium japonicum is a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacteria with type strain MTCC 6362T. Its genome has been sequenced.
Anaeromusa is a Gram-negative and obligately anaerobic bacterial genus from the family of Sporomusaceae, with one known species.
Methanogens are a group of microorganisms that produce methane as a byproduct of their metabolism. They play an important role in the digestive system of ruminants. The digestive tract of ruminants contains four major parts: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The food with saliva first passes to the rumen for breaking into smaller particles and then moves to the reticulum, where the food is broken into further smaller particles. Any indigestible particles are sent back to the rumen for rechewing. The majority of anaerobic microbes assisting the cellulose breakdown occupy the rumen and initiate the fermentation process. The animal absorbs the fatty acids, vitamins and nutrient content on passing the partially digested food from the rumen to the omasum. This decreases the pH level and initiates the release of enzymes for further breakdown of the food which later passes to the abomasum to absorb remaining nutrients before excretion. This process takes about 9–12 hours.
Dorea formicigenerans is a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Dorea and is found in human faeces.
Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans is a moderately thermophilic and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Thermanaerovibrio which has been isolated from granular methanogenic sludge from Breda in the Netherlands.
Aminobacterium colombiense is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Aminobacterium which has been isolated from anaerobic lagoon from a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Colombia.
