| Perlodes mortoni | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Plecoptera |
| Family: | Perlodidae |
| Genus: | Perlodes |
| Species: | P. mortoni |
| Binomial name | |
| Perlodes mortoni Klapálek, 1906 | |
Perlodes mortoni, the orange-striped stonefly, is a species of stonefly that is found in Great Britain. [2]
Perlodes mortoni shares similar characteristics with the European P. dispar and P. microcephalus species. P. mircrocephalus may have a presence in Britain but further evidence is needed for confirmation. [3] [4] [5]
The males are brachypterous, meaning they have very short wings that are recorded as being between 1.4 and 1.8 times as long as its head width. This could perhaps be an adaptation to high wind speed found in their habitat as flight could risk displacement from ideal conditions. Females have fully formed wings. [4] [5]
Adults have an omnivorous diet, eating vegetable matter and preying upon aquatic invertebrates. [5]
It overwinters as a nymph and flight season extends from March to June, peaking in May. [6]
The stonefly is widespread in rivers across Great Britain and is thought to be an endemic species. [7] Its conservation status was assessed by the IUCN Red List in 2021 and found to be of Least Concern. [1]
In Ireland, the species was recorded by King and Halbert in Kerry (no year given) and Louth (1910). Recent efforts to find it have been unsuccessful and as such the species is deemed Regionally Extinct in Ireland. [8]
Stonefly nymphs are found in rivers and streams, where they live between stones. They seem to prefer well oxygenated water. Adults are usually found near river banks. [6] [9]
Perlodes mortoni was previously synonymised with P. microcephalus by Illies in 1955 but was removed from synonymy in 2011 and found to be a distinct species. [10]
Plecoptera is an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin.
Eusthenia nothofagi is a species of stonefly in the family Eustheniidae. It is endemic to Australia, where its range is restricted to Victoria. It is known only from the Otway Ranges and its common name is the Otway stonefly.
Pteronarcys californica is a species of insect in the family Pteronarcyidae, the giant stoneflies and salmonflies. It is known commonly as a salmonfly. Salmonflies are an important aquatic insect for fly anglers and many nymph and adult fly patterns are tied to imitate this insect.
The Capniidae, the small winter stoneflies, are a family of insects in the stonefly order (Plecoptera). It constitutes one of the largest stonefly families, containing some 300 species distributed throughout the holarctic. Their closest relatives are the rolled-winged stoneflies (Leuctridae).
Chloroperlidae are a family of stoneflies, commonly known as green stoneflies, with more than 200 species and 22 genera. They appear green to yellow in colour, and are popularly used among fisherman as bait for trout fishing. Green stoneflies live in the benthic zone of the cold streams and rivers of five continents and four zoogeographical regions, emerging from the water to live in the riparian zone as adults. They are sensitive to pollutants, making them an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous, having no pupal stage, but instead hatch from eggs as nymphs and mature directly into adults. They are omnivorous, feeding on small organisms and plant particles, and become more carnivorous as they mature. The classification of Chloroperlidae is contested, with some believing that they should be considered as members of different orders, as opposed to the order Plecoptera that they currently belong to.
Brachyptera putata, the Northern February red, is a species of stonefly in the family Taeniopterygidae. It is endemic to Great Britain.
Eustheniidae is a family of insects in the order Plecoptera, the stoneflies. They are native to Australia, New Zealand, and Chile.
Euphaea dispar, Nilgiri torrent dart, is a species of damselfly in the family Euphaeidae.
Perlodini is a tribe of Palaearctic and Nearctic stoneflies in the family Perlodidae. There are more than 80 described species in Perlodini.
Kathroperla is a genus of green stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae. There are at least four described species in Kathroperla.
Neoperla is a genus of common stoneflies in the family Perlidae. There are more than 260 described species in Neoperla.
Perlinella is a genus of common stoneflies in the family Perlidae. There are at least three described species in Perlinella.
Zelandoperla maungatuaensis, commonly known as the Maungatua stonefly, is a species of flightless stonefly so far known only from a single mountainside in Otago, New Zealand.
Siphonoperla torrentium is a species of European stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae.
Thaumatoperla alpina is a species of stonefly in the genus Thaumatoperla, and are the largest Australian stonefly. They are endemic to the Bogong High Plains area of the Victorian alps, Australia.
Perlodes is a genus of insects belonging to the family Perlodidae.
Salmon fly patterns are an important collection of artificial flies used by fly anglers to imitate nymphal and adult forms of Pteronarcys californica a giant stonefly or salmon fly. Salmon flies are common in high gradient, freestone rivers and streams from Western Canada throughout the Western U.S. to Mexico in the Rocky Mountains and coastal mountain ranges. Nymphs live for three to five years before adult emergence which typically occurs in late Spring or early summer. The long lifespan of the nymphal form provides year-round angling opportunities for fly anglers.
Stenoperla prasina is a species of stonefly belonging to the family Eustheniidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is classified as "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. It is found on the North, South and Stewart Island / Rakiura Islands as well as on Little Barrier Island. Although adults of this species are most often coloured bright green, this species can be coloured yellow. This species inhabits clean, cold, running streams and rivers with stony bottoms within native bush. It is a known indicator of water quality. The larvae eat plant detritus and other aquatic insects while the adult insects feed on sooty mould fungi as well as other plant matter. The adults of this species are a known food source for New Zealand long tailed bats. Adults have been dissected and have been found to have been carrying Nematomorpha and trematode parasites. The New Zealand Department of Conservation classifies this species as "Not Threatened". In 2022 a specimen of this species was the 5 millionth specimen to be digitised in the Natural History Museum, London collection.
Eusthenia spectabilis is a very large species of stonefly in the family of giant stoneflies, Eustheniidae. At 4 cm (1.6 in) Eusthenia spectabilis is the largest member of the genus and emerges later than other similar species.
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