Petros Bouras-Vallianatos | |
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Occupation(s) | Historian of medicine, Byzantinist, author |
Awards |
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Academic background | |
Education | BA, MPharm, MSt, PhD |
Alma mater | King’s College London, University of Oxford, University of Athens |
Academic work | |
Discipline | History of Medicine |
Sub-discipline | History of Byzantine Medicine |
Institutions | University of Athens |
Notable works | Innovation in Byzantine medicine (2020,OUP) |
Petros Bouras-Vallianatos FRHistS is a Greek historian of medicine,author,and academic. He is the author of Innovation in Byzantine medicine. [1] [2] [3] Bouras-Vallianatos is best known for this work on late antique and Byzantine medicine.
Bouras-Vallianatos was born in Cephalonia,Greece, [4] and studied pharmacy at the University of Athens and classics and ancient history at King's College London. He then studied late antique and Byzantine history and literature at the University of Oxford,before earning a doctorate in the History of Medicine at King’s College London. From 2015 to 2019,Bouras-Vallianatos held a Wellcome Research Fellowship at King’s College London,and from 2019 to 2022,he held a Wellcome Lectureship in the history of medicine at the University of Edinburgh. [a] In 2021,he was awarded the Prize for Young Historians by the International Academy of the History of Science for his book Innovation in Byzantine medicine. [5] His long pathway article on ‘Cross-Cultural Transfer of Medical Knowledge in the Medieval Mediterranean:The Introduction and Dissemination of Sugar-Based Potions from the Islamic World to Byzantium’in Speculum (2021) has been chosen as ‘Article of the Month’,November 2021, [6] by the Mediterranean Seminar and was awarded the 2022 Estes Prize by the American Association for the History of Medicine. [7] In September 2022,Bouras-Vallianatos became associate professor of history of science at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He holds the honorary fellowship in history at the University of Edinburgh,and he is a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. [8] Bouras-Vallianatos serves as the senior editor of the series "Global Histories of Premodern Health and Healing" by the Edinburgh University Press, [9] and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Late Antique,Islamic and Byzantine Studies . [10]
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus, often anglicized as Galen or Galen of Pergamon, was a Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic.
Year 1204 (MCCIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
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Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.
Abu Sa'id 'Ubayd Allah ibn Bakhtishu (980–1058), also spelled Bukhtishu, Bukhtyashu, and Bakhtshooa in many texts, was an 11th-century Syriac physician, descendant of Bakhtshooa Gondishapoori. He spoke the Syriac language. He lived in Mayyāfāriqīn.
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" Also known as "Arabian medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.
Byzantine medicine encompasses the common medical practices of the Byzantine Empire from c. 400 AD to 1453 AD. Byzantine medicine was notable for building upon the knowledge base developed by its Greco-Roman predecessors. In preserving medical practices from antiquity, Byzantine medicine influenced Islamic medicine and fostered the Western rebirth of medicine during the Renaissance. The concept of the hospital appeared in Byzantine Empire as an institution to offer medical care and possibility of a cure for the patients because of the ideals of Christian charity.
Johannes Zacharias Actuarius, son of Zacharias, was a Byzantine physician in Constantinople. He is given the title of Actuarius, a dignity frequently conferred at that court upon physicians.
Kaykhusraw I, the eleventh and youngest son of Kilij Arslan II, was Seljuk Sultan of Rûm. He succeeded his father in 1192, but had to fight his brothers for control of the Sultanate, losing to his brother Suleiman II in 1196. He ruled it 1192–1196 and 1205–1211.
Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Khālid ibn al-Jazzār al-Qayrawani (895–979), was a 10th-century Muslim Arab physician who became famous for his writings on Islamic medicine. He was born in Qayrawan in Tunisia. He was known in Europe by the Latinized name Algizar.
Symeon Seth was a Byzantine scientist, translator and official under Emperor Michael VII Doukas. He is often said to have been Jewish, but there is no evidence of this. He wrote four original works in Greek and translated one from Arabic, and offered early proofs that the Earth was round.
Scientific scholarship during the Byzantine Empire played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance Italy, and also in the transmission of Islamic science to Renaissance Italy. Its rich historiographical tradition preserved ancient knowledge upon which splendid art, architecture, literature and technological achievements were built. Byzantines stood behind several technological advancements.
Amīn al-Dawla Abu'l-Ḥasan Hibat Allāh ibn Ṣaʿīd ibn al-Tilmīdh was a Christian Arab physician, pharmacist, poet, musician and calligrapher of the medieval Islamic civilization.
Greece played a crucial role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world. Its rich historiographical tradition preserved Ancient Greek knowledge upon which Islamic art, architecture, literature, philosophy and technological achievements were built. Ibn Khaldun once noted; The sciences of only one nation, the Greeks, have come down to us, because they were translated through Al-Ma'mun’s efforts. He was successful in this direction because he had many translators at his disposal and spent much money in this connection.
A sigillion, was a type of legal document publicly affirmed with a seal, usually of lead.
Barbara Zipser is a Historian of Greek medicine from antiquity to the Middle Ages. She is currently Senior Lecturer at Royal Holloway, University of London. Her research has been primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust.
In the Byzantine Empire, cities were centers of economic and cultural life. A significant part of the cities were founded during the period of Greek and Roman antiquity. The largest of them were Constantinople, Alexandria, Thessaloniki and Antioch, with a population of several hundred thousand people. Large provincial centers had a population of up to 50,000. Although the spread of Christianity negatively affected urban institutions, in general, late antique cities continued to develop continuously. Byzantium remained an empire of cities, although the urban space had changed a lot. If the Greco-Roman city was a place of pagan worship and sports events, theatrical performances and chariot races, the residence of officials and judges, then the Byzantine city was primarily a religious center where the bishop's residence was located.
Innovation in Byzantine Medicine: The Writings of John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275-c.1330) is a 2020 monograph by Greek author and academic Petros Bouras-Vallianatos. The book delves into the largely unexplored works of late Byzantine physician John Zacharias Aktouarios, known for his contributions to uroscopy, physiology, and pharmacology. It highlights Aktouarios' original theories, including the introduction of a new urine vial divided into eleven areas and his theory about the connection of each area with a certain part of the human body, and provides insight into the intellectual and social contexts of medical practice in the Byzantine era. Bouras-Vallianatos argues that Aktouarios' medical works were remarkably open to knowledge from outside Byzantium and displayed significant originality. The analysis of Aktouarios's treatises is based on a wide range of manuscripts and sources, shedding new light on Byzantine medical thought and its cultural exchanges with the Latin and Islamic worlds.
Sophia Xenophontos is a Greek-Cypriot classicist and Senior Researcher at the Academy of Athens, and formerly an associate professor of Greek at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. She is also affiliate scholar with the University of Glasgow, where she was previously lecturer in Classics and principal investigator and director of the Byzantine Aristotle project funded by the AHRC. Xenophontos is an external collaborator for the Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca et Byzantina project and the founder and editor-in-chief of the book series ‘Theorising the Greek and Roman Classics’.
The Armenian Alexander Romance, known in Armenian as The History of Alexander of Macedon, is an Armenian recension of the Greek Alexander Romance from the fifth-century. It incorporates many of its own elements, materials, and narratives not found in the original Greek version. While the text did not substantially influence Eastern legend, the Armenian romance is considered to be a highly important resource in reconstructing the text of the original Greek romance. The text continued to be copied until the eighteenth century, and the first Armenian and scholar to substantially study the text was Father Raphael Tʿreanc. He published an Armenian edition of it in 1842.