Phacelia covillei

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Phacelia covillei
Phacelia covillei - Coville's Phacelia.jpg
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Phacelia
Species:
P. covillei
Binomial name
Phacelia covillei
S.Watson 1890
Synonyms [1]
The main stem hairs are well dispersed, stiff, and non glandular which differs from those of P. ranunculacea. Phacelia covillei stem.jpg
The main stem hairs are well dispersed, stiff, and non glandular which differs from those of P. ranunculacea.

Phacelia covillei (Coville's phacelia, buttercup scorpionweed) is a North American species of annual forbs in the borage family. It is native to the eastern and central United States in scattered locations from Missouri to Maryland and North Carolina. [2] [3]

Contents

Description

Botanical illustration of Phacelia covillei (1913) Phacelia covillei Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown (1913)..png
Botanical illustration of Phacelia covillei (1913)

Phacelia covillei has slender weak stems which are 15 through 30 centimeters (6–12 inches) long, pubescent, and branched from their bases. Its leaves have 3 through 7 deeply divided lobes. It produces small, light blue-violet flowers in early spring. The flowers are on pedicels 13–17 millimeters (0.52–0.68 inches) long, in racemes of 1–6 flowers. Corolla tubes are about 6 millimeters long. Fruits are spherical capsules, 3–4 millimeters (0.12–0.16 inches) in diameter, each with 1–4 seeds. [4]

Ecology

Phacelia covillei is self-pollinating, that is, evidently not pollinated by insects or other animals, in the Potomac Gorge Area of Maryland and Virginia. [5]

Distribution and habitat

Phacelia covillei has a very limited, disjunct distribution in the eastern United States. [2] [6] [7] It occurs in Maryland and North Carolina (where authorities list it as S1, endangered) and in Indiana, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia where State Heritage Programs have not distinguished it from P. ranunculacea (Nutt.) Constance which they list as endangered in each state (Sewell 2003; Sewell and Vincent 2006). Phacelia covillei also occurs in the District of Columbia, Illinois, and Missouri where officials have not assigned it a conservation status. This species is common in some of its range where it grows in habitats such as floodplain forests and adjacent slope forests. Development, changes in land use, competition with invasive species, or a combination of these factors can eliminate populations of this species.

Taxonomy

Phacelia covillei is a member of the genus Phacelia , which was formerly placed in Hydrophyllaceae, the Waterleaf Family, but has more recently been placed in Boraginaceae, the Borage Family, in keeping with the findings of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. [8] Phacelia covillei has sometimes been considered an eastern cytotype of Phacelia ranunculacea, [4] which also has a very limited distribution. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-notfamily, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrophylloideae</span> Subfamily of plants

Hydrophylloideae is a subfamily of the plant family Boraginaceae. Their taxonomic position is somewhat uncertain. Traditionally, and under the Cronquist system, they were given family rank under the name Hydrophyllaceae, and treated as part of the order Solanales. More recent systems have recognised their close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order Boraginales, and most recently by demoting Hydrophyllaceae to a subfamily of Boraginaceae. However the placement and circumscription of Boraginaceae is still uncertain: it is unplaced at order level, and there is some prospect of it being split up again in future.

<i>Phacelia crenulata</i> Species of plant

Phacelia crenulata is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. Its common names include notch-leaf scorpion-weed, notch-leaved phacelia, cleftleaf wildheliotrope, and heliotrope phacelia. Phacelia crenulata has an antitropical distribution, a type of disjunct distribution where a species exists at comparable latitudes on opposite sides of the equator, but not at the tropics. In North America, it is native to the southwestern United States as far east as Colorado and New Mexico, and Baja California and Sonora in Mexico. In South America, it is native to southern Peru, western Bolivia, and northern Chile.

<i>Phacelia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Phacelia is a genus of about 200 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the borage family, native to North and South America. California is particularly rich in species with over 90 recorded in the region.

<i>Phacelia purshii</i> Species of plant

Phacelia purshii, known by the common names Miami mist, scorpionweed, and purple scorpionweed, is a spring flowering annual forb with blue, lavender, violet, or nearly white flowers in the Boraginaceae (borage) family that is native to eastern and central North America.

<i>Phacelia distans</i> Species of plant

Phacelia distans is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae, known by the common names distant phacelia and distant scorpionweed. It is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, where it grows in many types of habitat, including forest, woodland, chaparral, grassland, and meadows.

<i>Phacelia hastata</i> Species of plant

Phacelia hastata is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. Its common names include silverleaf scorpionweed, silverleaf phacelia, and white-leaf phacelia. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Alberta south to California and east to Nebraska. It can be found in many types of habitat, including scrub, woodland, and forest, up to an elevation of 13,000 feet. It prefers sandy to rocky soil.

<i>Phacelia ivesiana</i> Species of plant

Phacelia ivesiana is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. Its common names include Ives' phacelia and Ives' scorpionweed. It is divided into varieties that have been called sticky scorpionweed. It is native to the western United States.

<i>Phacelia pedicellata</i> Species of plant

Phacelia pedicellata is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. Its common names include specter phacelia and pedicellate phacelia. It is native to the southwestern United States and Baja California, where it can be found in several types of habitat, including creosote bush scrub and Joshua tree woodland.

<i>Phacelia tanacetifolia</i> Species of herbaceous plant

Phacelia tanacetifolia is a species of flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae, known by the common names lacy phacelia, blue tansy or purple tansy.

<i>Phacelia dubia</i> Species of flowering plant

Phacelia dubia is an annual forb native to the eastern United States, that produces cream colored or light blue flowers in early spring.

<i>Sericocarpus linifolius</i> Species of plant

Sericocarpus linifolius, the narrowleaf whitetop aster or flax leaf whitetop, is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States, that produces white composite flowers in summer.

<i>Cardamine angustata</i> Species of flowering plant

Cardamine angustata is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States, that produces white to pink or purple flowers in early spring.

<i>Cardamine douglassii</i> Species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae

Cardamine douglassii, the limestone bittercress or purple cress, is a perennial forb native to the eastern and central United States as well as the province of Ontario in Canada, that produces white to pink or purple flowers in early spring.

<i>Uvularia perfoliata</i> Species of flowering plant

Uvularia perfoliata, the perfoliate bellwort, is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States and Canada, which produces pale yellow flowers in spring.

<i>Aureolaria virginica</i> Species of plant

Aureolaria virginica, the downy yellow false foxglove or downy oak leach, is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States and Canada, which produces yellow flowers in summer.

<i>Agalinis purpurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Agalinis purpurea is an annual forb native to the eastern United States and Canada, which produces purple flowers in late summer or early fall.

<i>Agalinis tenuifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Agalinis tenuifolia, known by the common names common gerardia, slender false foxglove or common false foxglove, is an annual forb native to the eastern and southwestern United States, and Canada, which produces purple flowers in late summer or early fall.

<i>Clitoria mariana</i> Species of plant

Clitoria mariana, known by the common names butterfly pea and Atlantic pigeon wings, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the pea family, Fabaceae. The plant is native to the United States.

<i>Phacelia ranunculacea</i> Species of flowering plant

Phacelia ranunculacea, the oceanblue phacelia or western buttercup phacelia, is a North American species of annual forbs in the borage family. It is native to a small area of the eastern United States in the valleys of the Mississippi River and lower Ohio River. In this region, it is found in bottomland and floodplain forests. It produces a pale blue flower in early spring.

References

  1. "Phacelia covillei S. Watson – The Plant List" . Retrieved January 24, 2014. The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/
  2. 1 2 "Plants Profile for Phacelia covillei (Coville's phacelia)" . Retrieved January 24, 2014. USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
  3. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  4. 1 2 Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison (1913). An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions: From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian, Volume 3., p. 70. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  5. Barrows, E. M., A. F. Howard, and B. W. Steury. 2012. Fruit production and phenology of Phacelia covillei S. Watson (Hydrophyllaceae) in the Potomac River Gorge Area of Maryland and Virginia. Marilandica 3(1): 10–16.
  6. Sewell, M. 2003. Biosystematics of the Phacelia ranunculacea complex (Boraginaceae). M.S. thesis, Miami University, Ohio. 60 pp. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?miami1071261639
  7. Sewell, M., and M. A. Vincent. 2006. Biosystematics of the Phacelia ranunculacea complex (Hydrophyllaceae). Castanea 71: 192–209.
  8. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141:399–436., cited in Walter Fertig "Farewell to the Aceraceae: Changes in the Angiosperm Family Tree" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2014. The University of Montana Herbarium Newsletter. (Spring 2011). University of Montana, Missoula, MT. http://herbarium.dbs.umt.edu Archived 2014-03-06 at the Wayback Machine
  9. "Plants Profile for Phacelia ranunculacea (oceanblue phacelia)" . Retrieved February 9, 2014. USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.